chapter 20
What is true of the antigen binding site?
it is the same on all the receptors on a single naive B cell, it contains a heavy chaing and a light chain, each antibody has 2 antigen binding sites
What does adaptive or specific immunity include?
cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity
What are characteristics of the primary immune response?
only a few cells can initially recognize the specific antigen, the response is slow and many take several weeks to develop, clonal expansion of B cells andT cells occur after antigen exposure, memory cells produced during this response can last for years
What can B cell receptors able to bind to?
proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids
What is the smallest molecular unit that can be bound to an immune receptor?
epitope
Effector T calls can NOT be categorized as memory cells and CD4+ cells
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Memory T cells utilize a similar T cell receptor to recognize and become activated by the same antigen should an infection occur again.
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Plasma B cells secrete antibodies
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How many antigen binding sites does IgM have?
10
What are the functions of dendritic cells?
Activate naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Activate effector CD4+ T cells and activate memory CD4+ T cells
What do Lymphocytes include?
B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells
What are plasma cells?
They are antibody producing cells
What may activate a naive CD4 T cell?
a dendritic cell expressing MHC class II + antigen
What are B cells genetically coded to make?
a single B cell receptor
What can antibodies do?
neutralize antigens, activate complement, stimulate opsonization and agglutination, stimulate antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
What are the two main functions of B cells?
activation of effector CD4+ T cell and antibody production
What can activate T cells during the adaptive immune response?
b cells, macrophages, or dendritic cells
TH1 cells function in what process?
the cell-mediated immune response
What is the effector function of CD8+ cells?
the cytotoxic killing of infected cells
What are cytokines?
they are chemical messengers use by T cells to communicate with each other to promote clonal expansion and proliferation