Chapter 20

Why might the reporting of and response to farm accidents be delayed?

- Many farmers work by themselves. - It may be hard to pinpoint the exact location of the emergency. - Poor roads, nonexistent roads, and muddy soil may require EMRs to leave their vehicles some distance from the patient. [ All of the above]

Which of the following statements regarding impact fires following a motor vehicle crash is correct?

Impact fires occur when the gas tank ruptures on impact and the car is quickly engulfed in flames.

What is the MOST appropriate order for attempting to rescue a victim before entering the water?

Reach, throw, and row.

Confined space rescue requires:

a specially trained team.

Minimal protective equipment that the emergency medical responder (EMR) should use during extrication includes:

a helmet with a face shield and gloves.

Air embolism and decompression sickness are both caused by:

air bubbles being released in the body as a result of changes in pressure while diving.

Common hazards found at automobile crash scenes involve all of the following, EXCEPT:

an abundance of rescue personnel.

If you must enter the water to rescue a distressed person, it is MOST important that you:

are a capable swimmer who is properly trained.

If, upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, other emergency vehicles and personnel are already present, you should:

ask them where you should park your vehicle.

The FIRST step in the process of extrication involves:

assessing the scene and requesting help.

Once you have gained access to a patient and entered the wrecked vehicle, it is MOST important to:

avoid getting in front of an undeployed air bag.

A young woman was removed from ice water and is found to be in cardiac arrest. You should:

begin CPR and continue until the patient is transported to a hospital.

You have reached a young man who was found face down in the water. Your assessment reveals that he is not breathing but has a pulse. After stabilizing the patient's head and neck, you should:

begin rescue breathing.

Dizziness, difficulty speaking and seeing, and a decreased level of consciousness are signs that air bubbles have affected the:

brain or spinal cord.

If you believe that a passenger's condition is serious enough to require immediate care, but you cannot enter through a door, you should:

break one of the side or rear windows because they are made of tempered glass.

Which of the following is NOT a common hazard associated with farm silos?

carbon dioxide depletion

Hazardous chemicals that are commonly found on farms include all of the following, EXCEPT:

chlorine.

After ensuring an open airway, your next priority after gaining access to a patient who is entrapped in his or her vehicle is to:

control any severe bleeding.

Which of the following is NOT a common sign of a spinal cord injury in a conscious patient who is in the water?

difficulty breathing

When using a dry chemical fire extinguisher to put out the fire in an automobile with passengers still inside of it, you should:

direct the extinguisher chemical at the base of the fire.

A water tower is an example of a:

elevated confined space

As the first medically trained person to arrive at the scene of a bus accident involving multiple casualties, you should survey the scene for any hazards, request additional resources, and then:

establish an incident command system.

Which of the following is NOT a typical responsibility of the EMR during the extrication process?

extinguishing any fire

Accidents involving farm machinery usually involve:

farm tractor rollovers.

Patients with an air embolism or decompression sickness often require treatment in a

hyperbaric chamber.

In most situations, you should park your emergency response vehicle:

in a location that does not obstruct traffic.

According to the Golden Period, a trauma patient's chance for survival increases the MOST if he or she:

is delivered to a trauma center as soon as possible.

Prior to attempting extrication, it is MOST important that you:

know the limitations of your equipment and skill.

The two main hazards associated with confined spaces are:

low oxygen and structural collapse.

You arrive at an accident scene involving a vehicle that struck a bridge pillar. The scene is safe and there are no obvious hazards. The patient, a 33-year-old woman, is still in the car. She is conscious and alert but complains of severe neck and back pain. With responding emergency medical technicians (EMTs) approximately 5 minutes away, you should:

manually stabilize the patient's head and neck and wait for the responding EMTs to arrive.

It is important to remember that the access route to the patient

may not be adequate as an extrication route.

As an EMR, your two primary extrication goals include:

obtaining safe access to the patients and ensuring patient stabilization.

You are caring for a patient with signs of decompression sickness. Prior to EMS arrival, you should place the patient:

on the left side with the head slightly lowered.

Most patients who are still in their vehicle following a crash can be accessed by:

opening a door or rolling down a window.

Achieving the cooperation and mutual understanding that is needed for a safe, smooth extrication effort requires:

prior coordination and practice.

You are the first medically trained person to arrive at the scene of a car crash. There is one patient, who is still in his badly damaged car. The patient appears to be unconscious and is bleeding heavily from the mouth. After ensuring that the scene is safe, your priority should be to:

promptly but safely gain access to the patient.

If you arrive at a crash scene and find a vehicle on its side, your FIRST priority should be to:

promptly notify the fire department.

Extrication operates on the principle of:

removing the vehicle from around the patient.

The MOST important consideration during the extrication process is:

safety.

Vehicles that are positioned upright on all four wheels following a crash:

should be assumed to be unstable.

If no backboard is available and the patient must be removed from the water before emergency medical service (EMS) personnel arrive:

six people can lift and support the patient with their hands.

What is the primary hazard to the EMR when dealing with an upside-down vehicle?

spilled gasoline

If, upon reaching a distressed swimmer, you find that he or she is in cardiac arrest, you should FIRST:

stabilize the head and neck and remove the victim from the wate

At the scene of an ice rescue, personnel who are not directly involved in the rescue operation should:

stay in a warm place until they are needed.

Which of the following is NOT a below-ground confined space?

storage silos

If patients are still in a vehicle that has power lines draped across its hood, you should:

tell the patients to stay in the vehicle and notify the power company.

Even with complete dispatch information regarding a motor vehicle crash, you will NOT be able to determine:

the number of bystanders present.

In general, you should leave an injured patient in his or her vehicle, unless

the patient's life is in imminent danger.

The presence of sharp glass or metal and blood splattering at the scene of an automobile crash would require you to wear, at a minimum:

thick gloves over exam gloves and face protection.

If you must break a window to open a door or gain access, you should:

try to break a window that is farthest from the patient.

Upon arriving at the scene of a car crash involving a front end collision, you should FIRST:

turn off the vehicle's ignition if it is still running.

Postimpact automobile fires can be prevented MOST effectively by:

turning off the ignition.

Your overview of an accident scene should begin:

upon arrival but before exiting your vehicle.

The MOST effective way to keep bystanders away from an emergency scene is to:

use a rope or police/fire barrier tape.

When multiple patients must be removed from an overturned bus, you should:

use one door or window to pass equipment and another to move patients.

As soon as you arrive at the scene of an ice rescue, you should:

visually mark the location where the person was last seen.

Which of the following is NOT a common sign of a collapsed lung caused by an air bubble?

vomiting blood

If you must use a small boat to rescue a person from the water, you should:

wear a personal flotation device.

When performing an ice rescue, the use of a toboggan:

will spread your weight over a wider area and reduce your chances of falling through the ice.

A 40-year-old man is trapped in a below-grade manure pit. You should attempt to rescue him ONLY if:

you are properly trained and have a self-contained breathing apparatus.