Chapter 20 - Review Quiz
Choose from the following, the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland? 1. ACTH 2. oxytocin 3. PTH 4. HGH 5. FSH 6. LH 7. PRL 8. ADH 9. insulin 10. glucagon
2 and 8
Which of the following hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla? 1. mineralocorticoids 2. aldosterone 3. glucocorticoids 4. cortisone 5. epinephrine 6. androgens 7. norepinephrine 8. cortisol
5, 7
Glucagon produced by the ________ cells of the pancreas causes blood sugar levels to _________.
Alpha (A), increase
Which lobe of the pituitary is larger and secretes more hormones?
Anterior pituitary
Insulin produced by the ________ cells of the pancreas causes blood sugar levels to _________.
Beta (B), decrease
All hormone secretion is under the direct control of the hypothalamus. True or False
False
Although hormones influence activity in the neural and reproductive systems, they do not influence the digestive system. True or False.
False
Like PTH, calcitonin increases blood calcium levels.
False
Once produced by an endocrine cell, a hormone enters the blood after passing through a duct. True or False
False
The function of each of the regulatory hormones of the hypothalamus is to trigger the release of a tropic hormone from the pituitary. True or False
False
The reaction time for endocrine effects is generally measured in milliseconds. True or False
False
Which is not correct regarding growth hormone (GH)?
GH is a tropic hormone.
Match the following hormones with the endocrine gland that secretes it. Options can be used once, more than once, or not at all: Growth hormone [ Choose ] adrenal medulla, posterior pituitary, anterior pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal cortex Epinephrine [ Choose ] adrenal medulla, posterior pituitary, anterior pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal cortex Oxytocin [ Choose ] adrenal medulla, posterior pituitary, anterior pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal cortex Calcitonin [ Choose ] adrenal medulla, posterior pituitary, anterior pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal cortex Follicle stimulating hormone [ Choose ] adrenal medulla, posterior pituitary, anterior pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal cortex cortisol [ Choose ] adrenal medulla, posterior pituitary, anterior pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal cortex
Growth hormone - anterior pituitary gland Epinephrine - adrenal medulla Oxytocin - posterior pituitary Calcitonin - thyroid Follicle stimulating hormone - anterior pituitary gland cortisol - adrenal cortex
Which hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas?
Insulin
Which is not true about the thyroid gland?
It has two lobes connected by a central portion called the commissure
Which type of hormone requires an intracellular receptor?
Lipid-soluble hormone
Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?
Melatonin
Which is not a tropic hormone?
Prolactin
Which is not characteristic of the endocrine system?
Recovery time: rapid, immediate return to prestimulation level
What is the function of the mineralocorticoids secreted by the adrenal gland?
Regulate electrolyte (sodium) concentration in body fluids
The ability of a target organ or cell to respond to a hormone depends on:
The presence of the appropriate receptor on the cell's membrane for that hormone
Parathyroid hormone functions to raise blood calcium levels. TRUE OR FALSE
True
Parathyroid hormone functions to raise blood calcium levels. True or False
True
The anterior pituitary is also called the adenohypophysis. True or False
True
The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions. True or False
True
The posterior pituitary does not produce its own hormones but stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus. True or False
True
To be a target cell for a particular hormone, the cell must have a specific receptor for that hormone. True or False
True
Which of the following does not have an endocrine function?
Urinary bladder
Which type of hormone will bind to a receptor on the plasma membrane?
Water-soluble hormone
Where is the pituitary gland located?
Within the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
Which region of the adrenal cortex synthesizes glucocorticoids?
Zona fasciculata
Which one of these glands is the "emergency gland" and helps the body meet sudden stress?
adrenal medulla
The release of hormones from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by
adrenocorticotropic hormone.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted by the
anterior pituitary, and it targets follicular cells of the thyroid gland.
The hormones that come from the posterior pituitary
are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive.
Endocrine glands a. help maintain homeostasis. b. are the organs of the endocrine system. c. secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. d. are ductless glands. e. All of the choices are correct.
e. All of the choices are correct.
Alpha cells of the pancreas secrete the hormone _________.
glucagon
The hormone that increases the rate of glycogen breakdown and glucose release by the liver is
glucagon
Parathyroid hormone release depends on blood levels of calcium. Such an endocrine reflex is said to be initiated by
humoral stimulation
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the
hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary.
The part of the brain that functions as a "master control center" of the endocrine system is the
hypothalamus.
The pituitary gland is located _________ to the hypothalamus and is connected by the ________.
inferior, infundibulum
Lipophilic hormones bind to ___________ receptors of target cells.
intracellular
The hormones and neurotransmitters released by the endocrine and nervous systems are chemical substances referred to as _________.
ligands
Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system has
more widespread and long-lasting effects.
The two hormones released from the posterior pituitary are
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone.
The hormone oxytocin is synthesized in the
paraventricular nucleus
The small, cone-shaped gland that is in the epithalamus of the brain is the _______ gland.
pineal
Excessive secretion of growth hormone in adults can cause
pituitary gigantism.
The parathyroid glands are located
posterior to the thyroid gland.
The primary function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is to
stimulate glucocorticoid release from the adrenal glands.
Calcitonin
stimulates osteoblast activity
If the anterior pituitary ceased to function, which of the following would NOT be directly affected?
thymus
Which hormone is involved in regulating the metabolism?
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
