Chapter 20 - Review Quiz

Choose from the following, the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland? 1. ACTH 2. oxytocin 3. PTH 4. HGH 5. FSH 6. LH 7. PRL 8. ADH 9. insulin 10. glucagon

2 and 8

Which of the following hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla? 1. mineralocorticoids 2. aldosterone 3. glucocorticoids 4. cortisone 5. epinephrine 6. androgens 7. norepinephrine 8. cortisol

5, 7

Glucagon produced by the ________ cells of the pancreas causes blood sugar levels to _________.

Alpha (A), increase

Which lobe of the pituitary is larger and secretes more hormones?

Anterior pituitary

Insulin produced by the ________ cells of the pancreas causes blood sugar levels to _________.

Beta (B), decrease

All hormone secretion is under the direct control of the hypothalamus. True or False

False

Although hormones influence activity in the neural and reproductive systems, they do not influence the digestive system. True or False.

False

Like PTH, calcitonin increases blood calcium levels.

False

Once produced by an endocrine cell, a hormone enters the blood after passing through a duct. True or False

False

The function of each of the regulatory hormones of the hypothalamus is to trigger the release of a tropic hormone from the pituitary. True or False

False

The reaction time for endocrine effects is generally measured in milliseconds. True or False

False

Which is not correct regarding growth hormone (GH)?

GH is a tropic hormone.

Match the following hormones with the endocrine gland that secretes it. Options can be used once, more than once, or not at all: Growth hormone [ Choose ] adrenal medulla, posterior pituitary, anterior pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal cortex Epinephrine [ Choose ] adrenal medulla, posterior pituitary, anterior pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal cortex Oxytocin [ Choose ] adrenal medulla, posterior pituitary, anterior pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal cortex Calcitonin [ Choose ] adrenal medulla, posterior pituitary, anterior pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal cortex Follicle stimulating hormone [ Choose ] adrenal medulla, posterior pituitary, anterior pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal cortex cortisol [ Choose ] adrenal medulla, posterior pituitary, anterior pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal cortex

Growth hormone - anterior pituitary gland Epinephrine - adrenal medulla Oxytocin - posterior pituitary Calcitonin - thyroid Follicle stimulating hormone - anterior pituitary gland cortisol - adrenal cortex

Which hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas?

Insulin

Which is not true about the thyroid gland?

It has two lobes connected by a central portion called the commissure

Which type of hormone requires an intracellular receptor?

Lipid-soluble hormone

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?

Melatonin

Which is not a tropic hormone?

Prolactin

Which is not characteristic of the endocrine system?

Recovery time: rapid, immediate return to prestimulation level

What is the function of the mineralocorticoids secreted by the adrenal gland?

Regulate electrolyte (sodium) concentration in body fluids

The ability of a target organ or cell to respond to a hormone depends on:

The presence of the appropriate receptor on the cell's membrane for that hormone

Parathyroid hormone functions to raise blood calcium levels. TRUE OR FALSE

True

Parathyroid hormone functions to raise blood calcium levels. True or False

True

The anterior pituitary is also called the adenohypophysis. True or False

True

The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions. True or False

True

The posterior pituitary does not produce its own hormones but stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus. True or False

True

To be a target cell for a particular hormone, the cell must have a specific receptor for that hormone. True or False

True

Which of the following does not have an endocrine function?

Urinary bladder

Which type of hormone will bind to a receptor on the plasma membrane?

Water-soluble hormone

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Within the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

Which region of the adrenal cortex synthesizes glucocorticoids?

Zona fasciculata

Which one of these glands is the "emergency gland" and helps the body meet sudden stress?

adrenal medulla

The release of hormones from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by

adrenocorticotropic hormone.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted by the

anterior pituitary, and it targets follicular cells of the thyroid gland.

The hormones that come from the posterior pituitary

are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive.

Endocrine glands a. help maintain homeostasis. b. are the organs of the endocrine system. c. secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. d. are ductless glands. e. All of the choices are correct.

e. All of the choices are correct.

Alpha cells of the pancreas secrete the hormone _________.

glucagon

The hormone that increases the rate of glycogen breakdown and glucose release by the liver is

glucagon

Parathyroid hormone release depends on blood levels of calcium. Such an endocrine reflex is said to be initiated by

humoral stimulation

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the

hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary.

The part of the brain that functions as a "master control center" of the endocrine system is the

hypothalamus.

The pituitary gland is located _________ to the hypothalamus and is connected by the ________.

inferior, infundibulum

Lipophilic hormones bind to ___________ receptors of target cells.

intracellular

The hormones and neurotransmitters released by the endocrine and nervous systems are chemical substances referred to as _________.

ligands

Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system has

more widespread and long-lasting effects.

The two hormones released from the posterior pituitary are

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone.

The hormone oxytocin is synthesized in the

paraventricular nucleus

The small, cone-shaped gland that is in the epithalamus of the brain is the _______ gland.

pineal

Excessive secretion of growth hormone in adults can cause

pituitary gigantism.

The parathyroid glands are located

posterior to the thyroid gland.

The primary function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is to

stimulate glucocorticoid release from the adrenal glands.

Calcitonin

stimulates osteoblast activity

If the anterior pituitary ceased to function, which of the following would NOT be directly affected?

thymus

Which hormone is involved in regulating the metabolism?

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)