Chapter 20: Urinary System

The amount of fluid per minute entering the nephrons of both kidneys is the _______ rate (GFR).

Glomerular Filtration

In the kidney, describe the movement of substances during tubular reabsorption. Multiple choice question. Substances move from the tubular fluid to the blood. Substances move from the blood to the tubular fluid.

Substances move from the tubular fluid to the blood.

Name the posterior pituitary hormone that has the direct effect of increasing water reabsorption from distal tubules and collecting ducts. Multiple choice question. atrial natriuretic factor aldosterone antidiuretic hormone

antidiuretic hormone

Movement of certain substances from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules is called tubular

secretion

Define the term micturition. Multiple choice question. peristalsis tubular reabsorption urine formation urination

urination

The ability of the kidney to maintain a relatively constant glomerular filtration rate is called ______. Multiple choice question. net filtration pressure tubular reabsorption autoregulation tubular secretion

autoregulation

The major regions of the kidney are the outer region called the ______ and the inner region called the ______. Multiple choice question. renal pelvis; renal sinus medulla; cortex renal sinus; renal pelvis cortex; medulla

cortex; medulla

Which three processes are involved in the formation of urine? Multiple select question. urine reabsorption glomerular filtration tubular reabsorption tubular secretion glomerular secretion

glomerular filtration tubular reabsorption tubular secretion

Renal autoregulation is the ability of the kidneys to maintain a relatively stable ______ in spite of changes in arterial blood pressure. Multiple choice question. glomerular filtration rate (GFR) plasma pH volume of extracellular fluid

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Aging causes a gradual decrease in the size of the kidneys, beginning as early as age 20, becoming obvious after age 40, and continuing until death. True false

true

Hydrogen ions move from the plasma of the peritubular capillary into the fluid of the renal tubule by the process of ______. Multiple choice question. tubular secretion glomerular filtration tubular reabsorption

tubular secretion

A very small percentage (<10%) of the original glomerular filtrate will be reabsorbed as the fluid flows through the nephrons and collecting ducts. True false

False

What determines the composition of urine? Multiple choice question. Urine composition is always the same The ratio of water and solutes eliminated to maintain internal environment. The amount of exercise and stress the body is under.

The ratio of water and solutes eliminated to maintain internal environment.

As urine leaves the kidney, which structure will it enter first? Multiple choice question. Ureter Bladder Urethra

Ureter

Effects of aging on the kidneys include which of the following? Multiple select question. a gradual decrease in blood flow through the kidneys a loss of glomerular function a gradual decrease in size of the kidneys an increased ability to eliminate uric acid and creatinine from the blood

a gradual decrease in blood flow through the kidneys a loss of glomerular function a gradual decrease in size of the kidneys

The hollow muscular organ is located in the pelvic cavity posterior to the symphysis pubis that is part of the urinary system is the urinary

bladder

The rate at which the kidneys remove a substance from plasma is called renal

clearance

During the first step of urine formation, the material that enters the glomerular capsule is called glomerular ______. Multiple choice question. residue filtrate secretion extract

filtrate

The fluid that leaves the glomerulus and enters the glomerular capsule is called glomerular

filtrate

Three processes involved in urine formation are glomerular ________, tubular _______, and ___________ secretion.

filtration, reabsorption, and tubular

If someone's renal clearance is abnormally low, it might indicate which type of condition? Multiple choice question. glomerular damage lower-than-normal ADH secretion higher-than-normal aldosterone secretion

glomerular damage

The process by which the glomerular capillaries filter plasma is called

glomerular filtration

The rate of 120-125 milliliters per minute of fluid entering the nephrons of both kidneys is called the ______ rate. Multiple choice question. minute urine volume excretion glomerular filtration reabsorption

glomerular filtration

In glomerular filtration, substances move from the ______ into the ______. Multiple choice question. nephron; glomerulus peritubular capillaries; nephron nephron; peritubular capillaries glomerulus; nephron

glomerulus; nephron

What is the main driving force behind glomerular filtration? Multiple choice question. hydrostatic pressure of glomerular filtrate colloid osmotic pressure of glomerular filtrate colloid osmotic pressure of blood hydrostatic pressure of blood

hydrostatic pressure of blood

Like filtration in the systemic capillaries, the main force that moves substances through the glomerular capillary wall is the ______ pressure of the ______ inside. Multiple choice question. colloid osmotic; blood hydrostatic; oxygen osmotic; salts hydrostatic; blood

hydrostatic; blood

Water excretion in the urine is ______ solute excretion. Multiple choice question. independent of dependent upon

independent of

The renal artery brings blood to which structure? Multiple choice question. spleen bladder kidney liver

kidney

Regulating the volume and composition of body fluids is the primary function of the ______. Multiple choice question. blood liver kidneys bladder

kidneys

The bean-shaped organs that are reddish-brown in color and have a smooth surface are the

kidneys

Urine flows from the Blank______ into the renal pelvis, and from there into the ureter. Multiple choice question. major calyces minor calyces

major calyces

What is an alternate medical name for the process of urination? Multiple choice question. elimination filtration micturition mastication

micturition

Urine passes from the collecting ducts into the ________ calyces, then into the _____________ calyces before reaching the renal pelvis

minor; major

As tubular fluid flows through the renal tubules, ______ of the fluid is reabsorbed. Multiple choice question. very little most some

most

Each kidney has about one million ___________, the functional unit responsible for urine formation.

nephrons

Which is the term for the functional units of the kidneys, responsible for urine production? Multiple choice question. capsules loops corpuscles nephrons

nephrons

Where are the kidneys located in the human body? Multiple choice question. on the surface of the iliacus muscle on either side of the vertebral column on the anterior abdominal wall

on either side of the vertebral column

Which statements correctly identify the numbers of organs in the urinary system? Multiple select question. one urinary bladder two kidneys two urethras one ureter

one urinary bladder two kidneys

Which functions does the urinary system regulate? Multiple select question. white blood cell production pH balance carbohydrate digestion removal of metabolic wastes volume of body fluids excretion of drugs

pH balance removal of metabolic wastes volume of body fluids excretion of drugs

The kidneys are on the ______ wall. Multiple choice question. anterior abdominal posterior abdominal posterior thoracic

posterior abdominal

In the kidney, the process by which fluid and solutes are moved from the tubular fluid to the blood is called tubular

reabsorption

What is the primary function of the kidneys? Multiple choice question. control the functioning of the liver, pancreas, and spleen eliminate proteins produce red bloods cells regulate composition and volume of extracellular fluid

regulate composition and volume of extracellular fluid

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the kidney is called the ___________ artery.

renal

Which are the two major components of a nephron? Multiple select question. renal tubule renal pyramid renal corpuscle renal column collecting duct

renal tubule renal corpuscle

The waste product produced by amino acid catabolism, and excreted from the body through urine, is

urea

Which compound is the most abundant nitrogenous waste in the blood and urine? Multiple choice question. ammonia creatinine uric acid urea

urea

The tube conveying urine from one of the kidneys to the urinary bladder is a(n)

ureter

The tubular organ carrying urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder is the ______. Multiple choice question. collecting duct ureter distal tubule urethra

ureter

Place the following structures in order of urine elimination, with the structure closest to the renal pelvis at the top. Urinary bladder Ureter Urethra toggle button Urethra

ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

The kidneys, urinary bladder, ____________, and ___________ are organs of the urinary system.

ureters; urethra

The system that removes certain salts and nitrogenous wastes is the ____________ system.

urinary

What is the hollow muscular organ that lies just posterior to the symphysis pubis? Multiple choice question. urinary bladder ureter glomerular capsule nephron

urinary bladder

Contributing to homeostasis, the kidney functions to maintain which of the following within normal ranges? Multiple select question. volume of body fluids body temperature metabolic rate pH of body fluids composition of body fluids oxygen perfusion of tissues

volume of body fluids pH of body fluids composition of body fluids

Antidiuretic hormone increases the permeability of cells in the last portion of the distal tubule and in the collecting duct to ______. Multiple choice question. water chloride ions amino acids sodium ions

water