Chapter 21
Database
Large store or bank of information, as in forming the patient's nursing diagnosis
alternative splicing
Process by which a single pre-mRNA can be spliced in more than one way to produce different types of mRNA.
what is a reading Frame
a series of codons reads in group of three's nucleotides
what two cellular processes make it possible for the human genome project to be larger than the human genome
alternative splicing and post translation covalent modification
how do you tell if two genes are homologous to each other
by comparing their sequence
which type of genome is most complex?
eukaryotic
how common is transposable elements
extremely common, found in nearly all species examined
motor proteins
facilitate intracellular movements and the movements of whole cells.
true or false must highly repititive sequence encodes genes which are needed in large quantities for important cellular processes
false
true or false the sole objective of the human genome project is to obtain DNA sequence of the entire genome
false
true or false, post translational covalent modification can always be permeant
false
defense protein
help cells to fight disease
DNA sequences that are found in 10 of thousands to millions of copies in genomes are known as
highly repetitive sequence
gene expression and regulatory protein
involved in transcription and translation
what would be most useful to help determine the function of a newly sequenced gene ?
is to find a homologous gene whose function is already known.
after dan has been sequenced, how does a Researcher determines which amino acid of the three reading frames Is correct
it will have the fewest stop codons
structural protein
provide shape and protection to cells.
what is the term of for transposable elements that move via an RNA intermediate ?
retrotransposons or retroelements
both splicing and post translational covalent modifications may produce different protein? how do they differ
splicing act on mRNA and post translational modification acts on a protein
a DNA sequence can be translated into several reding frames. the correct reading frames is usually the one that Is not interrupted by a ___________- codon
stop
proteome
the entire complement of proteins that is or can be expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism.
how are genomes of eukaryotic cells organized ?
the genome located in the nucleus of eukaryotic species is usually found in sets of linear chromosomes.
post translational covalent modification
the modification pf a proteins structure after it has been synthesized
what is the purpose of most highly repetitive sequence
there Is no function
two species are likely to have the same DNA sequence if
they are evolutionary closely related to each other
why do different cell types in organisms differ in protein composition
they express genes at different levels
the movement of a short segment of DNA to from its original location to a new site in the genome is called
transposition
sequence elements in which the DNA itself moves from one location to another in chromosomes are known as DNA ______________
transposons