Chapter 21

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Database

Large store or bank of information, as in forming the patient's nursing diagnosis

alternative splicing

Process by which a single pre-mRNA can be spliced in more than one way to produce different types of mRNA.

what is a reading Frame

a series of codons reads in group of three's nucleotides

what two cellular processes make it possible for the human genome project to be larger than the human genome

alternative splicing and post translation covalent modification

how do you tell if two genes are homologous to each other

by comparing their sequence

which type of genome is most complex?

eukaryotic

how common is transposable elements

extremely common, found in nearly all species examined

motor proteins

facilitate intracellular movements and the movements of whole cells.

true or false must highly repititive sequence encodes genes which are needed in large quantities for important cellular processes

false

true or false the sole objective of the human genome project is to obtain DNA sequence of the entire genome

false

true or false, post translational covalent modification can always be permeant

false

defense protein

help cells to fight disease

DNA sequences that are found in 10 of thousands to millions of copies in genomes are known as

highly repetitive sequence

gene expression and regulatory protein

involved in transcription and translation

what would be most useful to help determine the function of a newly sequenced gene ?

is to find a homologous gene whose function is already known.

after dan has been sequenced, how does a Researcher determines which amino acid of the three reading frames Is correct

it will have the fewest stop codons

structural protein

provide shape and protection to cells.

what is the term of for transposable elements that move via an RNA intermediate ?

retrotransposons or retroelements

both splicing and post translational covalent modifications may produce different protein? how do they differ

splicing act on mRNA and post translational modification acts on a protein

a DNA sequence can be translated into several reding frames. the correct reading frames is usually the one that Is not interrupted by a ___________- codon

stop

proteome

the entire complement of proteins that is or can be expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism.

how are genomes of eukaryotic cells organized ?

the genome located in the nucleus of eukaryotic species is usually found in sets of linear chromosomes.

post translational covalent modification

the modification pf a proteins structure after it has been synthesized

what is the purpose of most highly repetitive sequence

there Is no function

two species are likely to have the same DNA sequence if

they are evolutionary closely related to each other

why do different cell types in organisms differ in protein composition

they express genes at different levels

the movement of a short segment of DNA to from its original location to a new site in the genome is called

transposition

sequence elements in which the DNA itself moves from one location to another in chromosomes are known as DNA ______________

transposons


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