chapter 22
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 25) Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by A) nonspecific immunity. B) specific immunity. C) immunological surveillance. D) skin defenses. E) fever.
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: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 18) The largest single collection of lymphoid tissue in the adult body is located in the A) liver. B) thymus. C) tonsils. D) spleen. E) lymph nodes.
: D Diff: 1
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 103) The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects ________ cells. A) B B) plasma C) cytotoxic T D) helper T E) suppressor T
: D Diff: 2
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 12) ________ are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx. A) Tonsils B) Peyer patches C) Lymph nodes D) Immune complexes E) Spleens
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: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 19) The white pulp of the spleen is populated by A) lymphocytes. B) trabeculae. C) arteries. D) veins. E) fibrous connective tissue.
: A Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 32) Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity. A) naturally acquired active B) natural passive C) passive D) auto E) innate
: A Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 39) Stem cells that will form B cells or NK cells are found only in the A) bone marrow. B) liver. C) spleen. D) thymus. E) kidneys.
: A Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 43) The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells. A) NK B) plasma C) B D) helper T E) suppressor T
: A Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 55) Which of the following statements about MHC proteins is not true? A) bind complement B) allow the body to differentiate its own cells from foreign cells C) function in antigen presentation D) fall into two major classes E) are found on all nucleated cells
: A Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 71) Stress can affect the immune response in all of the following ways, except by A) inhibiting glucocorticoid release. B) depressing the inflammatory response. C) reducing the number of phagocytes. D) inhibiting interleukin secretion. E) increasing the level of glucocorticoids.
: A Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 8) All of the following are true of the thymus gland, except that it A) activates B cells. B) reaches its greatest relative size during the second year of life. C) involutes after puberty. D) produces T cells. E) lies in the anterior mediastinum.
: A Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms Page 598 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 51) Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions such as saliva and tears are A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM.
: A Diff: 1
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 83) Lymphatic vessels are located in almost all portions of the body, except the A) CNS. B) periphery. C) renal arteries. D) groin. E) throat.
: A Diff: 1
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 97) Lymphoid tissue is found in the greatest quantity in A) the adult spleen. B) the adult thymus. C) bone marrow. D) the tonsils. E) Peyer patches.
: A Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 73) Which of the following interleukins stimulates T cells to produce IL-2, promotes inflammation, and causes fever? A) IL-1 B) IL-3 C) IL-4 D) IL-8 E) both A and D
: A Diff: 2
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 107) During a primary immune response, the A) IgM titer is initially higher than the IgG titer. B) IgG titer is initially higher than the IgM titer. C) IgM titer and the IgG titer rise in parallel.
: A Diff: 2
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 115) Identify the dominant cell type in the area labeled4. A) T cells B) B cells C) erythrocytes D) platelets E) all of the above
: A Diff: 2
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 77) The merging of ________ forms the right lymphatic duct. A) the right jugular, right subclavian, and right bronchomediastinal trunks B) the left jugular, right subclavian, and right bronchomediastinal trunks C) two great vessels D) the thoracic and mediastinal ducts E) superior and inferior lymphatic ducts
: A Diff: 2
1) The lymphoid system is composed of all of the following, except A) lymphatic vessels. B) the venae cavae. C) the spleen. D) lymph nodes. E) lymph.
: B Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 14) The term lymphadenopathy refers to A) a congenital lack of lymph nodes. B) a chronic or excessive enlargement of lymph nodes. C) accumulations of lymph in the tissue space. D) the lack of lymphocytes in peripheral circulation. E) increased numbers of circulating lymphocytes.
: B Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 23) The release of endogenous pyrogen (or interleukin-1) by active macrophages would A) cause inflammation. B) produce a fever. C) activate complement. D) opsonize pathogens. E) activate antibodies.
: B Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 28) Various types of macrophages are derived from A) lymphocytes. B) monocytes. C) neutrophils. D) eosinophils. E) basophils.
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: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 3) The lymphoid system does all of the following, except that it A) helps maintain normal blood volume. B) transports gases to and away from lymph nodes. C) eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid. D) transports lipids from the digestive tract. E) fights infection.
: B Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 33) Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity. A) active B) naturally acquired passive C) passive D) auto E) innate
: B Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 37) The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the ________ cells. A) NK B) B C) helper T D) cytotoxic T E) suppressor T
: B Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 45) The cell that dominates the deep cortical region of a lymph node is the ________ cell. A) B B) T C) plasma D) nodule E) NK
: B Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 49) Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B cells and may activate antibody production are A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM.
: B Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 5) Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the A) right lymphatic duct. B) thoracic duct. C) cisterna chyli. D) hepatic portal vein. E) dural sinus.
: B Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 58) When an antigen is bound to a Class II MHC protein, it can activate a ________ cell. A) plasma B) helper T C) NK D) suppressor T E) cytotoxic T
: B Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 60) Helper T cells do all of the following, except A) trigger B-cell division, plasma cell maturation, and antibody production. B) provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen. C) enhance production of memory and cytotoxic T cells. D) attract and stimulate the activity of NK cells. E) enhance nonspecific defenses.
: B Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 76) Lymphatic vessels commonly occur in association with A) hyaline cartilage. B) blood vessels. C) adipose tissue. D) sensory nerve endings. E) both A and C
: B Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms Page 589 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 6) The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions, except the A) left breast. B) right breast. C) left arm and shoulder. D) pelvic viscera. E) left side of neck.
: B Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms Page 591 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 16) Which class of leucocytes is particularly abundant in the red pulp of the spleen? A) T lymphocytes. B) free and fixed macrophages. C) B lymphocytes. D) neutrophils. E) red blood cells.
: B Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 35) The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins are ________ cells. A) NK B) plasma C) helper T D) thymus E) liver
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: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 78) T is to ________ as B is to ________. A) top; bottom B) thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived C) thyroid; bowel D) non-thymus-dependent; bottom E) none of the above
: B Diff: 2
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 94) Each IgG has ________ binding sites for attachment to antigenic determinants. A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) up to 8 E) as many as a 1000
: B Diff: 2
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms Page 600 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 61) The following are steps in the cell-mediated immune response. 1. Several cycles of mitosis occur. 2. Antigen is engulfed and presented by a macrophage. 3. Cytotoxic T cells migrate to focus of infection. 4. T cells with specific receptors recognize the antigen. 5. T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells or T memory cells. 6. Cytotoxic T cells release perforin and/or lymphotoxin. The correct sequence for these steps is A) 4, 1, 5, 3, 6, 2. B) 2, 4, 1, 5, 3, 6. C) 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6. D) 3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 6. E) 3, 6, 4, 5, 1, 2.
: B Diff: 2
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms Page 604 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 80) If the disulfide bonds in IgG were broken, how many protein chains would be set free? A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) dozens
: B Diff: 2
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 101) Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation, except A) redness of the inflamed tissue. B) chemotaxis of phagocytes. C) heat of the inflamed tissue. D) movement of defense proteins and cells into the interstitial space. E) swelling of the inflamed tissue.
: B Diff: 2
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 117) Identify the structure labeled3. A) cortex B) capsule C) subcapsular space D) trabeculae E) outer cortex
: B Diff: 2
: Level 3 Questions: Critical Thinking & Clinical Applications Page 611 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) Figure 22- 1 The Structure of a Lymph Node Use Figure 22- 1 to answer the following questions: 114) Identify the dominant cell type in the area labeled6. A) T cells B) B cells C) erythrocytes D) platelets E) all of the above
: B Diff: 2
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 99) Class II MHC proteins are present in the plasma membrane only A) when plasma cells are releasing antibodies. B) in antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes. C) when cytotoxic T cells are inhibited. D) when NK cells are activated. E) during infections.
: B Diff: 3
: Level 3 Questions: Critical Thinking & Clinical Applications 111) In a routine examination, some blood is taken and analyzed. The results show a high IgM titer for the mumps virus but a low IgG anti-mumps titer. This would indicate the person A) has just recovered from mumps. B) was recently infected with mumps. C) is allergic to mumps. D) is immune to mumps. E) is relying on passive immunity.
: B Diff: 3
: Level 3 Questions: Critical Thinking & Clinical Applications 113) In an experiment, Roger injects mice with interleukin-2 (IL-2). After 3 days he examines the blood and lymph for changes. What would you expect to observe following this treatment? A) decreased number of T cells B) increased number of T cells C) decreased number of B cells D) increased number of mast cells E) both A and D
: B Diff: 3
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 10) Lymphocytes A) are actively phagocytic. B) destroy red blood cells. C) respond to antigens. D) are primarily found in red bone marrow. E) decrease in number during infection.
: C Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 13) ________ are clusters of lymphoid nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine. A) Tonsils B) Adenoids C) Peyer patches D) Immune complexes E) Lymph glands
: C Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 15) Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as A) Peyer patches. B) adenoids. C) white pulp. D) red pulp. E) lymph nodes.
: C Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 17) Lymphoid organs differ from lymphoid tissues in what way? A) They contain T lymphocytes and lymphoid tissues do not. B) They are found in the digestive tract and lymphoid tissues are found in the thorax. C) They are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lymphoid tissues are not. D) They cannot produce antibodies, whereas lymphoid tissues can. E) both A and B
: C Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 2) The primary function of the lymphoid system is A) circulation of nutrients. B) the transport of hormones. C) defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats. D) the production and distribution of plasma proteins. E) both B and D
: C Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 22) An inflammatory response is triggered when A) red blood cells release pyrogens. B) T cells release interferon. C) mast cells release histamine and heparin. D) neutrophils phagocytize bacteria. E) blood flow to an area increases.
: C Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 29) The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following, except A) destruction of target cell plasma membranes. B) stimulation of inflammation. C) inhibition of the immune response. D) opsonization. E) chemotaxis.
: C Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 30) The classic pathway of complement activation begins when the protein C1 binds to A) the cell wall of bacteria. B) the plasma membrane of bacteria. C) an antibody attached to an antigen. D) a cell surface antigen. E) a plasma protein.
: C Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 48) Immunoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM.
: C Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 59) B cells are primarily activated by the activities of A) antigens. B) antibodies. C) helper T cells. D) macrophages. E) plasma cells.
: C Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 67) Newborns gain their immunity initially from A) early immunizations. B) contact with viruses and bacteria. C) antibodies passed across the placenta from the mother. D) contact with siblings. E) breast milk.
: C Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 69) Autoantibodies A) are produced by activated T cells. B) are produced during an allergic reaction. C) are directed against the body s own antigens. D) are the first step in immunological competence. E) are important in tissue rejection reactions.
: C Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms Page 596 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 41) Cells that help regulate the immune response are ________ cells. A) B B) plasma C) helper T D) cytotoxic T E) NK
: C Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms Page 602 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 70) Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are A) immunodeficiency diseases. B) autoimmune diseases. C) allergies. D) the result of stress. E) signs of a weak system.
: C Diff: 1
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts Page 607 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 95) Stem cells that can form all types of lymphocytes are concentrated in the A) circulation. B) thymus. C) red marrow. D) spleen. E) yellow marrow.
: C Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 64) All of the following are true of the primary response of humoral immunity, except that it A) depends on antigen triggering the appropriate B cell. B) requires B cell differentiation into plasma cells. C) is delayed by the memory cell stage. D) circulating antibodies undergo a gradual, sustained rise. E) peaks 1 to 2 weeks after the initial exposure.
: C Diff: 2
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 102) In an experimental situation, a rabbit is exposed to a viral antigen to which it makes antibodies. These antibodies are then purified and injected into a human with the same viral disease. This is an example of A) innate immunity. B) active immunization. C) passive immunization. D) natural immunity. E) alloimmunity.
: C Diff: 2
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 104) Infection with the HIV virus occurs through A) eating contaminated food. B) airborne droplets from coughs and sneezes. C) intimate contact with an infected person s body fluids. D) casual contact with an infected individual. E) sharing clothes with an infected individual.
: C Diff: 2
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 118) Identify the structure labeled6. A) medulla B) inner cortex C) outer cortex D) trabeculae E) cortical sinus
: C Diff: 2
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 82) Lymph nodes range in diameter from A) 1 nm to 10 nm. B) 1 inch to 2 inches. C) 1 mm to 25 mm. D) 1 cm to 25 cm. E) 1 cm to 1 inch.
: C Diff: 2
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts Page 608 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 100) If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of A) B lymphocytes. B) NK cells. C) T cells. D) neutrophils. E) both B and C
: C Diff: 2
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 108) Leslie has a bad sore throat and the lymph glands in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that A) the focus of the infection is the lymph glands. B) lymph is not flowing through these lymph glands. C) the affected lymph glands contain an increased number of lymphocytes. D) the lymph gland is actively producing phagocytes. E) the lymph gland has increased its secretion of thymosin.
: C Diff: 3
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 38) The medullary cords of a lymph node contain ________ lymphocytes and plasma cells. A) cytotoxic T B) medullary C) NK D) B E) cordal
: D Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 4) Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following, except that they A) have no basement membrane. B) are larger in diameter. C) have walls of endothelial cells that overlap like shingles. D) are smaller in diameter. E) are frequently irregular in shape.
: D Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 40) Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells. A) B B) plasma C) helper T D) cytotoxic T E) suppressor T
: D Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 42) Suppressor T cells act to A) suppress antigens. B) erase memory T cells. C) limit antigen proliferation. D) inhibit T and B cell activities. E) produce antibodies involved in autoimmunity.
: D Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 44) Stem cells that will form T cells develop in the A) bone marrow. B) liver. C) spleen. D) thymus. E) kidneys.
: D Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 47) Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM.
: D Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 52) The binding of an antigen to an antibody can result in A) neutralization of the antigen. B) agglutination or precipitation. C) complement activation and opsonization. D) all of the above E) A and B only
: D Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 53) In order for a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, the antigen must A) be phagocytized by the lymphocyte. B) enter the cytoplasm of the lymphocyte. C) bind to the DNA of the lymphocyte. D) bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte surface. E) depolarize the lymphocyte.
: D Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 57) Class II MHC molecules are found only on which of the following? A) all body cells with a nucleus B) red blood cells C) granulocytes and microphages D) lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells E) liver cells and macrophages in the spleen
: D Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 62) During a primary humoral response to antigens all of the following occur, except A) B cells may differentiate into plasma cells immediately. B) B cells may undergo several rounds of mitosis before producing plasma cells and memory cells. C) antibody levels do not peak until 1 to 2 weeks after the initial exposure. D) neutrophils invade the surrounding areas, releasing chemotactic substances. E) the first immunoglobulins to appear in circulation are of the IgM type.
: D Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 68) The only antibodies that normally cross the placenta are A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM.
: D Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 92) In IgG, the antigen binding site is formed by A) the variable segment of the light chain B) the variable segment of the heavy chain C) the constant segment of the heavy chain D) A + B E) A + C
: D Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms Page 592 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 21) Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection, except A) body hair. B) epithelium. C) secretions. D) complement. E) basement membranes.
: D Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms Page 593 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 26) The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the A) T cells. B) B cells. C) NK cells. D) phagocytes. E) plasma cells.
: D Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms Page 597 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 46) The various classes of immunoglobulins are differentiated on the basis of their A) asymmetry. B) antigen specificity. C) light-chain variable segments. D) heavy-chain constant segments. E) both C and D
: D Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms Page 599 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 56) When an antigen is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a ________ cell. A) B B) plasma C) helper T D) cytotoxic T E) NK
: D Diff: 1
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts Page 595 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 36) The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the ________ cells. A) B B) plasma C) helper T D) cytotoxic T E) suppressor T
: D Diff: 1
: Level 3 Questions: Critical Thinking & Clinical Applications 109) Cytotoxic T cells can attack target cells with which of these chemical weapons? A) secrete strong acid B) secrete organic solvent C) secrete free radicals D) secrete a cytokine that triggers apoptosis E) secrete mutant proteins
: D Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 93) ________ is the class of antibody first secreted in response to a new antigen. A) IgG B) IgE C) IgD D) IgM E) IgA
: D Diff: 2
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 96) Which of these is not a property of an IgG heavy chain? A) has one constant segment B) has one variable segment C) binds one light chain D) binds antigen at both ends E) binds complement in the constant region
: D Diff: 2
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 98) T cells and B cells can be activated only by A) pathogens. B) interleukins, interferons, and colony-stimulating factors. C) cells infected with viruses, bacteria, or cancer cells. D) exposure to a specific antigen at a specific site in a plasma membrane. E) disease-causing agents.
: D Diff: 2
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 81) Dividing lymphocytes can be found in the ________ of the lymphoid nodule. A) central zone B) germinal center C) cortex D) both A and B E) A, B, and C
: D Diff: 2
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 84) The largest collection of lymphoid tissue in the body is found in the A) pancreas. B) liver. C) kidney. D) spleen. E) thyroid gland.
: D Diff: 2
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts Page 609 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 105) Which of these is not a property of AIDS? A) has killed at least ½ million people in the United States B) is spread most often through sexual contact C) attacks the T helper (CD4) cells D) is declining worldwide E) almost always eventually fatal.
: D Diff: 2
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts Page 612 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 116) Identify the structure labeled1. A) efferent lymphatic vessel B) venule C) arteriole D) afferent lymphatic vessel E) lymphatic nodule
: D Diff: 2
: Level 3 Questions: Critical Thinking & Clinical Applications 79) Lymphocyte production involves A) bone marrow. B) thymus tissue. C) peripheral lymphoid tissues. D) all of the above E) A and B only
: D Diff: 2
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts Page 610 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 110) A sample of John s blood shows a high level of pyrogens. This would indicate that John A) is feeling achy. B) is producing T lymphocytes. C) has a sore throat. D) is running a fever. E) has swollen lymph nodes.
: D Diff: 3
: Level 3 Questions: Critical Thinking & Clinical Applications 112) A crime scene investigator found that a biological fluid sample contains a large amount of IgA-type antibody. This fluid is probably A) blood. B) lymph. C) serum. D) tears. E) interstitial.
: D Diff: 3
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 20) The body s nonspecific defenses include all of the following, except A) the skin. B) complement. C) interferon. D) inflammation. E) antibodies.
: E Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 24) Characteristics of specific defenses include A) versatility. B) tolerance. C) memory. D) specificity. E) all of the above
: E Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 27) Microphages include A) monocytes. B) Kupffer cells. C) neutrophils. D) eosinophils. E) both C and D
: E Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 34) In passive immunization, the A) immune system attacks normal body cells. B) body is deliberately exposed to an antigen. C) body receives antibodies produced by other humans. D) body receives antibodies produced by an animal. E) either C or D
: E Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 50) Immunoglobulins, formed of five subunits, that are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection, are A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM.
: E Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 54) The role of antigen-presenting cells in immunity is to A) activate T cells. B) display antigen fragments. C) process antigens. D) produce antibodies. E) A, B, and C
: E Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 63) All of the following are true of the secondary response of humoral immunity, except that it A) depends on memory B cells. B) results in much higher antibody titers than in the primary response. C) results in much quicker rise in antibody titers. D) produces more effective antibodies. E) weakens quickly because memory B cells only survive for a year or two.
: E Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 66) Interleukins do all of the following, except A) increase T-cell sensitivity to antigens exposed on macrophage membranes. B) stimulate B-cell activity, plasma cell formation, and antibody production. C) stimulate inflammation. D) elevate body temperature. E) stimulate collagen synthesis.
: E Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 7) Lymph nodes do all of the following, except that they A) produce antibodies. B) monitor the contents of lymph. C) remove debris and pathogens from the lymph. D) accumulate cancer cells. E) remove excess nutrients from the lymph.
: E Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 72) Changes in the immune system that accompany aging include A) T cells becoming less responsive to antigens. B) fewer cytotoxic T cells responding to infections. C) decreased numbers of T helper cells. D) B cells less responsive. E) all of the above
: E Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 88) Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include A) sebaceous glands. B) mucus. C) epithelia. D) epidermal layers. E) all of the above
: E Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 9) In general, lymphocytes A) spend most of their time in lymphoid tissue. B) have relatively long life spans. C) have two nuclei. D) all of the above E) A and B only
: E Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 91) Fever is the maintenance of body temperature greater than A) 37.2°C. B) 99°F. C) 98.6°F. D) A or C E) A or B
: E Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms Page 590 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 11) Lymphocytes may be found in which of the following tissues or organs? A) tonsils B) spleen C) lymph nodes D) thymus E) all of the above
: E Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms Page 594 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 31) Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ________ immunity. A) active B) natural passive C) passive D) auto E) innate
: E Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms Page 601 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 65) Hormones of the immune system include all of the following, except A) interleukins. B) interferons. C) natriuretic factor. D) thymosins. E) tumor necrosis factor.
: E Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms Page 606 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 90) Inflammation produces localized A) swelling. B) redness. C) heat. D) pain. E) all of the above
: E Diff: 1
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 74) Lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following, except A) the thymus. B) lymphoid nodules. C) lymph node organs. D) the spleen. E) the brain.
: E Diff: 1
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 89) Plasma contains ________ special complement proteins that form the complement system. A) 3 B) 5 C) 7 D) 9 E) 11
: E Diff: 1
: Level 3 Questions: Critical Thinking & Clinical Applications 86) Nonspecific defenses include A) phagocytic cells. B) physical barriers. C) inflammation. D) interferons. E) all of the above
: E Diff: 1
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms 87) Specific defenses depend on the activities of A) monocytes. B) leukocytes. C) agranulocytes. D) erythrocytes. E) lymphocytes.
: E Diff: 2
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms Page 603 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 75) Lymphatic capillaries are known for A) being the starting point of the lymphatic circulation. B) being the smallest lymphatic vessels. C) having larger diameters and looser walls than blood capillaries. D) shingle-like endothelial cells. E) all of the above
: E Diff: 2
: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts 106) Milly has just received a kidney transplant and is taking cyclosporin A. What does this medication do? A) prevents inflammation from destroying the transplanted kidney B) depresses hematopoiesis C) decreases chemotaxis of macrophages to the transplanted kidney D) weakens antibodies in the blood E) suppresses cytotoxic T cells, thus preventing rejection
: E Diff: 2
: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms Page 605 Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) 85) Which of these statements about lymph flow in a node is false? A) lymph enters in an afferent lymphatic B) lymph first enters the subcapsular space C) lymph flows past dendritic cells D) the efferent lymphatic exits at the hilum E) the afferent lymphatics enters at the hilum
: E Diff: 3
