Chapter 22 A&P Female Reproductive System

What period of time is defined by the cessation of the reproductive cycle?

Menopause

Phases of uterine cycle

Menstruation - proliferative phase - secretory phase- menstruation

Stages of follicular development

primordial follicle, primary follicle, pre-antral follicle, mature follicle, ovulation, corpus luteum, corpus albicans

The fetal ovary contains ______ follicles consisting of _______ surrounded by flattened epithelial cells.

primordial; primary oocytes

The cell that is ovulated is a ________ oocyte, surrounded by its zona pellucida and corona radiata.

secondary

A mature follicle will contain a _______ oocyte which has completed meiosis I and contains _______ chromosomes, each with two chromatids.

secondary; 23

Combined hormone contraceptives are a type of birth control available in a patch and ______ form, taken orally.

Pill

During the female reproductive cycle, what triggers menstruation?

A decrease in blood levels of estrogens and progesterone.

Within the mammary glands, milk is produced by __________ glands.

Alveolar

_______ concentration affects other secondary sex characteristics, including skeletal growth and growth of hair.

Androgen

The drug disrupts the release of FSH and LH from the _______.

Anterior pituitary

The contraceptives contains synthetic forms of progesterone and _________.

Estrogen

_______ are responsible for the development and maintenance of most of the female secondary sex characteristics.

Estrogens

The disruption of _____ prevents follicle maturation.

FSH

________ stimulates the maturation of a follicle; follicular cells produce and secrete estrogens.

FSH

The anterior pituitary gland secretes _______________.

FSH and LH

Broad ligament

Fold of peritoneum; attached to abdominal wall, ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus.

Stages of Ovulation

Follicular stage, ovulation, Luteal phase, Follicular

ovarian ligament

From anterior aspect of ovary to uterus.

suspensory ligament

From superior aspect of ovary to abdominal wall.

Round ligament

From uterus to abdominal wall.

The hypothalamus releases _______, which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland.

GnRH

The disruption of ______ prevents ovulation.

LH

______ stimulates certain ovarian cells to secrete estrogen-precursor molecules.

LH

The ____ are paired, oval-shaped organs found in the pelvic cavity.

Ovaries

_______, secreted by the ovaries, affects cyclical changes in the uterus and mammary glands.

Progesterone

During the female reproductive cycle, what triggers ovulation?

Surge in blood levels of luteinizing hormone

The _______ is a pear-shaped muscular organ where a fertilized egg will implant.

Uterus

As follicles develop each month, the follicular cell layers increase, and spaces form. These spaces join to form the _________. These are now ________ follicles.

antrum; secondary

The _______ is the funnel-like end of the uterine tube. An ovulated oocyte will be drawn into this initial segment.

infundibulum

What is the process of egg formation called?

oogenesis

In a non-pregnant female, what is the primary source of estrogens and progesterone?

ovaries

Layers of the uterus from superficial to deep?

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium, and uterine cavity.

After puberty, during each monthly cycle, several follicles are stimulated to develop, forming ___________ These structures contain primary oocytes.

primary follicles

The ________ are the most common place for fertilization to take place. They will transport the fertilized egg to the uterus.

uterine tubes