Chapter 22 A&P Female Reproductive System
What period of time is defined by the cessation of the reproductive cycle?
Menopause
Phases of uterine cycle
Menstruation - proliferative phase - secretory phase- menstruation
Stages of follicular development
primordial follicle, primary follicle, pre-antral follicle, mature follicle, ovulation, corpus luteum, corpus albicans
The fetal ovary contains ______ follicles consisting of _______ surrounded by flattened epithelial cells.
primordial; primary oocytes
The cell that is ovulated is a ________ oocyte, surrounded by its zona pellucida and corona radiata.
secondary
A mature follicle will contain a _______ oocyte which has completed meiosis I and contains _______ chromosomes, each with two chromatids.
secondary; 23
Combined hormone contraceptives are a type of birth control available in a patch and ______ form, taken orally.
Pill
During the female reproductive cycle, what triggers menstruation?
A decrease in blood levels of estrogens and progesterone.
Within the mammary glands, milk is produced by __________ glands.
Alveolar
_______ concentration affects other secondary sex characteristics, including skeletal growth and growth of hair.
Androgen
The drug disrupts the release of FSH and LH from the _______.
Anterior pituitary
The contraceptives contains synthetic forms of progesterone and _________.
Estrogen
_______ are responsible for the development and maintenance of most of the female secondary sex characteristics.
Estrogens
The disruption of _____ prevents follicle maturation.
FSH
________ stimulates the maturation of a follicle; follicular cells produce and secrete estrogens.
FSH
The anterior pituitary gland secretes _______________.
FSH and LH
Broad ligament
Fold of peritoneum; attached to abdominal wall, ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus.
Stages of Ovulation
Follicular stage, ovulation, Luteal phase, Follicular
ovarian ligament
From anterior aspect of ovary to uterus.
suspensory ligament
From superior aspect of ovary to abdominal wall.
Round ligament
From uterus to abdominal wall.
The hypothalamus releases _______, which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland.
GnRH
The disruption of ______ prevents ovulation.
LH
______ stimulates certain ovarian cells to secrete estrogen-precursor molecules.
LH
The ____ are paired, oval-shaped organs found in the pelvic cavity.
Ovaries
_______, secreted by the ovaries, affects cyclical changes in the uterus and mammary glands.
Progesterone
During the female reproductive cycle, what triggers ovulation?
Surge in blood levels of luteinizing hormone
The _______ is a pear-shaped muscular organ where a fertilized egg will implant.
Uterus
As follicles develop each month, the follicular cell layers increase, and spaces form. These spaces join to form the _________. These are now ________ follicles.
antrum; secondary
The _______ is the funnel-like end of the uterine tube. An ovulated oocyte will be drawn into this initial segment.
infundibulum
What is the process of egg formation called?
oogenesis
In a non-pregnant female, what is the primary source of estrogens and progesterone?
ovaries
Layers of the uterus from superficial to deep?
perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium, and uterine cavity.
After puberty, during each monthly cycle, several follicles are stimulated to develop, forming ___________ These structures contain primary oocytes.
primary follicles
The ________ are the most common place for fertilization to take place. They will transport the fertilized egg to the uterus.
uterine tubes
