Chapter 22: Lymphatics

Lymph nodes range in diameter from 1 nm to 10 nm. 1 inch to 2 inches. 1 mm to 25 mm. 1 cm to 25 cm. 1 cm to 1 inch.

1 mm to 25 mm

Fever is the maintenance of body temperature greater than 37.2°C. 99°F. 98.6°F. 37.2°C or 98.6°F 37.2°C or 99°F

37.2°C or 99°F

In passive immunity, the immune system attacks normal body cells. body is deliberately exposed to an antigen. body receives antibodies produced by other humans. body receives antibodies produced by an animal. body receives antibodies produced by other humans or the body receives antibodies produced by an animal.

body receives antibodies produced by other humans or the body receives antibodies produced by an animal.

The thoracic duct originates from an expanded chamber called the ________.

cisterna chyli

Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection, except body hair. epithelium. secretions. complement. basement membranes.

complement

The primary function of the lymphoid system is circulation of nutrients. the transport of hormones. defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats. the production and distribution of plasma proteins. both the transport of hormones and the production and distribution of plasma proteins.

defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats.

The lymphocytes are most important in helping maintain normal blood volume. transporting gases to and away from lymph nodes. eliminating variations in the composition of interstitial fluid. transporting lipids from the digestive tract. fighting infection.

fighting infection

A sample of John's blood shows a high level of pyrogens. This would indicate that John is feeling achy. is producing T lymphocytes. has a sore throat. is running a fever. has swollen lymph nodes.

is running a fever

Various types of macrophages are derived from lymphocytes. monocytes. neutrophils. eosinophils. basophils.

monocytes

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity. naturally acquired active natural passive passive auto innate

naturally acquired active

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity. active naturally acquired passive passive auto innate

naturally acquired passive

The process by which antibodies bind to antigenic sites on viruses or toxins, rendering them incapable of binding to other cells, is called ________.

neutralization

The largest single collection of lymphoid tissue in the adult body is located in the liver. thymus. tonsils. spleen. lymph nodes

spleen

Leslie has a bad sore throat, and the lymph glands in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that the focus of the infection is the lymph glands. lymph is not flowing through these lymph glands. the affected lymph glands contain an increased number of lymphocytes. the lymph gland is actively producing phagocytes. the lymph gland has increased its secretion of thymosin.

the affected lymph glands contain an increased number of lymphocytes.

Lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following, except the thymus. lymphoid nodules. lymph node organs. the spleen. the brain.

the brain

The lymphoid system is composed of all of the following, except lymphatic vessels. the venae cavae. the spleen. lymph nodes. lymph.

the venae cavae

Stem cells that will form T cells develop in the bone marrow. liver. spleen. thymus. kidneys.

thymus

T is to ________ as B is to ________. top; bottom thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived thyroid; bowel non-thymus-dependent; bottom none of these

thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived

A measure of antibody level in the plasma is the ________.

titer

Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions such as saliva and tears are IgA. IgD. IgE. IgG. IgM.

IgA

Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are IgA. IgD. IgE. IgG. IgM.

IgG

________ cells enable the immune system to respond quickly and robustly if the same antigen is encountered a second time.

Memory

The cell that dominates the deep cortical region of a lymph node is the ________ cell. B T plasma nodule NK

T

Which of these statements about lymph flow in a node is false? Lymph enters in an afferent lymphatic. Lymph first enters the subcapsular space. Lymph flows past dendritic cells. The efferent lymphatic exits at the hilum. The afferent lymphatics enters at the hilum.

The afferent lymphatics enters at the hilum.

Characteristics of specific defenses include versatility. tolerance. memory. specificity. all of these

all of these

In general, lymphocytes spend most of their time in lymphoid tissue. have relatively long life spans. have one nucleus. all of these none of these

all of these

Lymphocytes may be found in which of the following tissues or organs? tonsils spleen lymph nodes thymus all of these

all of these

Nonspecific defenses include phagocytic cells. physical barriers. inflammation. interferons. all of these

all of these

Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are immunodeficiency diseases. autoimmune diseases. allergies. the result of stress. signs of a weak system.

allergies

Newborns gain their immunity initially from early immunizations. contact with viruses and bacteria. antibodies passed across the placenta from the mother. contact with siblings. breast milk.

antibodies passed across the placenta from the mother.

A substance that provokes an immune response is called a(n) ________.

antigen

Autoantibodies are produced by activated T cells. are produced during an allergic reaction. are directed against the body's own antigens. are the first step in immunological competence. are important in tissue rejection reactions

are directed against the body's own antigens.

________ develop when the immune response mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues.

autoimmune disease

Lymphoid organs differ from lymphoid tissues in what way? They contain T lymphocytes and lymphoid tissues do not. They are found in the digestive tract and lymphoid tissues are found in the thorax. They are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lymphoid tissues are not. They cannot produce antibodies, whereas lymphoid tissues can. none of these

They are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lymphoid tissues are not.

________ are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx. Tonsils Peyer's patches Lymph nodes Immune complexes Spleens

Tonsils

All of the following are true of the thymus gland, except that it activates B cells reaches its greatest relative size before puberty. involutes after puberty. produces T cells. lies in the anterior mediastinum.

activates B cells