Chapter 22 MUSH

What was Carter's biggest foreign policy gaffe?

"Our policy is based on an historical vision of America's role. Our policy is derived from a larger view of global change. Our policy is rooted in our moral values, which never change. Our policy is reinforced by our material wealth and by our military power. Our policy is designed to serve mankind."

When Reagan came to office the economy was experiencing a recession, what actions did Reagan take to boost economic growth?

"balance the federal budget, increase defense spending, and cut income taxes." The President vowed to protect entitlement programs (such as Medicare and Social Security) while cutting the outlays for social programs by targeting "waste, fraud and abuse." Reagan embraced the theory of "supply side economics," which postulated that tax cuts encouraged economic expansion which in turn increased the government's revenue at a lower tax rate.

What reforms did Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev pursued which led to the collapse of the Soviet Union?

1) The military defeat in Afganistan was both costly and demoralizing for the Soviet Union. 2) The inability to technologically compete with the West. The US, Europe and Japan were moving into the computer age. Manufacturing chips, computers and software required a greater degree of economic freedom and competition. The inability to keep up technologically forced both the Soviets and China to either open up or fall technologically behind. 3) Chernobyl. This disaster revealed Gorbachev's newly instituted policy of peristroka and glastnost to be a fraud. Sweden had to inform the world that this disaster had occurred while the Soviets were trying to cover it up. I think this was the pivitol point that lead gorbachev to institute a real version of glastnost resulting in the breakup of the soviet union.

As a result of the 9/11 attacks, President George W. Bush. ordered troops to what country?

11,000 to Afghanistan

Camp David Accords

1978 agreement brokered by President Jimmy Carter between Egyptian and Israeli leaders that made a peace treaty between the two nations possible

Gerald Ford

38th President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977, and, prior to this, was the 40th Vice President of the United States

By December of 1979, The Soviet Union invaded ______.

Afghanistan

What caused the U.S. to fight the Persian Gulf War?

After 42 days of relentless attacks by the allied coalition in the air and on the ground, U.S. President George H.W. Bush declared a cease-fire on February 28; by that time, most Iraqi forces in Kuwait had either surrendered or fled.

Who placed an oil embargo on countries like the U.S.? What happened as a result?

Arab members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) U.S. decision to re-supply the Israeli military and to gain leverage in the post-war peace negotiations

In January of 1979, the U.S. backed Shah of Iran was forced to flee the country. The Islamic Fundamentalist ______ took power in Iran.

Ayatollah Khomeini

Who won the 2008 Presidential Election?

Barrack Obama

Who defeated George H.W. Bush in the 1992 Presidential Election?

Bill Clinton

The 2000 Election was very historic for many reasons, but it ended with a Supreme Court ruling that resulted in ______ winning the election

Bush

Where were many Americans migrating to?

California or asia

In 1977, Carter invited the two nations' leaders to the presidential retreat at ________. The resulting Camp David Accords led to a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel.

Camp David

He was a born-again Christian who won the support of many _____.

Christian Fundamentalists

In June 1972, burglars broke into the ____ headquarters.

Democratic National Committee (DNC)

Other American trends continued. The ____ rate more than doubled between 1965 and 1970.

Divorce

Liberal Democrats believe

Equality makes lives better, social programs (medicaid, medicare, food stamps) taxes, help poor, government regulate industry

He claimed ____ privilege. This principle claims that the President can keep certain information private.

Executive

Why was this so historic?

First black president

President ___- lost support when he pardoned Nixon for any crimes Nixon might have committed as President.

Ford

Who replaced Nixon as President?

Ford

Who won the Presidency in 1991?

George W. Bush

OPEC

Group of countries which sell oil to other nations and cooperate to regulate the price and supply of oil

Should General Ford have pardoned Richard Nixon?

He had to, because if Nixon went to trial the real reason for Watergate would surely have surfaced, namely his and others' roles in the assassination of President Kennedy. There was a suspicion on Nixon's part (and his associates) that the Democrats had information linking him to the murder.

President Bush also sent troops to invade Iraq to take ____ out of power and because Iraq was believed to have _____

Hussein's , weapons of mass destruction

What do you think were the most important foreign policy accomplishments of Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter?

In foreign affairs Ford acted vigorously to maintain U. S. power and prestige after the collapse of Cambodia and South Vietnam.

Carter had his greatest foreign policy success in the Middle East. He also had his worst setback there. Egypt and ____ ad been enemies for a long time.

Israel

What two countries did President Carter bring together to sign a peace agreement?

Israel ad Egypt

Jimmy Carter

James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr. is an American politician, author, and member of the Democratic Party who served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981

In 1976, former Georgia governor ___ won the Presidency.

Jimmy Carter

There were many immigrants from ___ and Asia coming to the U.S.

Latin America

The 1970s are sometimes called the "___" decade because many Americans appeared to be absorbed with trying to improve themselves. There was an increased interest in fitness and health.

Me

How did Nixon respond to the economic problems he faced as President?

Nixon came up with "The New Economic Plan", it suspended the convertibility of the dollar into gold or other reserve assets.

One sanction was a U.S. boycott of he 1980 ____ games.

Olympics

How would you describe Nixon's time as president?

Only president to resign, escalated war, ended U.S. involvement in the war

_____ Placed an oil embargo on Israel's allies (included the U.S.) which caused oil prices to skyrocket.

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Who was responsible for the terrorist attack on September 11th, 2001?

Osma Bin Laden

Silent Majority

Phrase introduced by President Richard Nixon to refer to a significant number of Americans who supported his policies but chose not to express their views

What nickname was given to Reagan's Supply Side Economic plan?

Reaganomics

Deregulation

Removal of government control over indusries

What scandal rocked the Reagan administration which resulted in Reagan apologizing to the American public?

Ronald Reagan conceded that the United States had sold weapons to the Islamic Republic of Iran, as part of a largely unsuccessful effort to secure the release of six U.S. citizens being held hostage in Lebanon.

Ayatollah Khomeini

Ruhollah Moosavi Khomeini was an Iranian Mujtahid , revolutionary, politician, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran

In 1968, Nixon won the presidency by appealing to the "_____" Who made up Middle America.

Silent Majority

In Nixon's ______ strategy, he tried to get more white southerners, who had traditionally voted for Democrats, to support him.

Southern

What country was finally reunited for the first time since WWII?

Soviet Union

Describe the economy of the 1970s, what is stagflation?

Stock Market Trends, energy crisis, end of Vietnam war

During thee 1970s, two trends continued; the migration of Americans to the ____ and the growth of the suburbs.

Sunbelt

The ____ ordered Nixon to turn over the tapes. The tapes proved that Nixon was involved in the cover-up. Facing impeachment and conviction, Nixon resigned in August 1974

Supreme Court

Nixon refused to hand over _____ he had made of Oval Office conversations.

Tapes

Stagflation

Term for the economic condition created in the late 1960s and 1970s by high inflation combined with stagnant economic growth and high unemployment

In what ways did he economy change in the 1990s?

The 1990s is remembered as a time of strong economic growth, steady job creation, low inflation, rising productivity, and a surging stock market that resulted from a combination of rapid technological changes and sound central monetary policy.

What was NAFTA?

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a comprehensive agreement that sets the rules for international trade and investment between Canada, the United States, and Mexico.

What did Carter's inability to secure the release of the hostages in Iran symbolize to many Americans?

The inability of the Carter administration to win the release of American hostages in Iran was perceived by many Americans as a sign of serious weakness.

The scandal came to be known as _____, after the building where the burglary occurred.

Watergate Scandal

He supported _____, a policy that gives special consideration to women and minorities in the fields of education and employment, in order to make up for past discrimination.

affirmative action

Helsinki Accords

agreement made in 1975 among the United States, Canada, and European nations, including the Soviet Union, in which all nations agreed to support human rights

A day after he was inauguration, he granted ______ to Americans who evaded the draft. He hoped to move the nation beyond the Vietnam War.

amnesty

Carter responded by imposing _____ on the Soviets.

an embargo on the export of grain

What arguments would you expect people to give for and against Carter's decision to grant amnesty to Americans who had evaded the draft?

argument against Carter's blanket pardon to draft dodgers. Defending the country is a duty of a citizen. If a person refuses to serve his country when he is called to defend it, and renounces his citizenship why should it just be handed back to him? Conscientious objectors are not forced to carry a gun but are able to serve in the medical corps and elsewhere. Thousands who did not really favor the war obeyed the draft , fought and died in Vietnam. Others went to jail and paid the penalty for their civil disobedience. Surely those people who simply left the country took the easy way out and deserve no special amnesty.

Human Rights

basic rights automatically held by every human being, including religious freedom, education, and equality

What is a budget surplus?

ccurs when tax revenue is greater than government spending.

Severe inflation continued, fueled by the ongoing energy crises. Carter dealt with the oil crisis by urging Americans to _____.

conserve and by asking congress to raise taxes on crude oil, which he hoped would encourage conservation.

Twenty-fifth Amendment

constitutional amendment ratified in 1967 that deals with presidential succession, vice presidential vacancy, and presidential inability

Developing World

countries that are less economically advanced than developed countries such as the United States

The number of children born out of wedlock nearly ____. To some Americans, the new ways were a sign of troubled times

doubled

Foreign policy views of Democrtats

favor international diplomacy to combat communism in other countries

Conservative Republicans believe

favor limited government involvement, state level government, reduce taxes, less government spending and programs, industries control themselves

Foreign policy views of republicans

favor relying on our own national defense and activity fighting

Sandra de O'connar

first female supreme court judge

Iranian radicals invaded the U.S. _______ and took 66 Americans hostage. The Khomeini government defied the U.S. by taking control of the embassy and the hostages. Carter's failure to win their release was viewed as evidence of American weakness.

for medical treatment

Amnestry

general pardon for certain crimes

Ronald Reagan

governor of California, conservative, "Great Communicator"

What unpopular decision did he make in reference to Nixon possibly facing charges for his involvement in the Watergate Scandal?

he pardons Nixon

How was Jimmy Carter considered a different candidate for president?

he wasn't very popular and came from a farm

What happened to the divorce rate in America?

increased

Carter worked to relax tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. In 1979, he singed SALT II. What did SALT II accomplish?

limitations and guidelines for nuclear weapons.

Televangelist

minister who uses the television format to preach to millions of people

Pardon

official forgiveness of a crime and its punishment

Sanctions

penalties

What resulted from Nixon's involvement in the Watergate Scandal?

people lost trust in the government

Affirmative Action

policy that gives special consideration to women and minorities to make up for past discrimination

Watergate

political scandal involving illegal activities that ultimately led to the resignation of President Nixon in 1974

Executive privilege

principle that the President has the right to keep certain communications between himself and other members of the executive branch private

SALT II

proposed agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union to limit certain types of nuclear arms production; it was never ratified by the United States Senate

Boat People

refugees who leave their country by boat

Nixon's presidency was bothered by a combination of recession and inflation that became known as ____.

stagflation

Reaganomics

supply side economics, reduce taxes, give people more incentive to work and more money to spend, create economic growth

Southern Strategy

tactic of the Republican Party for winning presidential elections by securing the electoral votes of southern states

The 1970s also witnessed a revival of fundamental Christianity. ____ preached to millions on television. Religious conversations opposed many of the social changes that took place in the 1970s

televangelists

What was Reagan referring to when he said "Mr. Gorbachev tear down this wall"

the spread of communism

Glastnost

was a policy that called for increased openness and transparency in government institutions and activities in the Soviet Union.

Perestroika

was a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980s (1986), widely associated with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "openness") policy reform.

What scandal caused congress to impeach President Clinton?

was impeached by the House of Representatives on two charges, one of perjury and one of obstruction of justice, on December 19, 1998

Christian Fundamentalists

who believes in a strict, literal interpretation of the Bible as the foundation of the Christian faith