Chapter 22 Radiology

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In placing a periapical radiograph, how many inches over the occlusal/incisal edge should the film packet be places?

1/8 inch

What are the intervals of taking radiographs for routine dental exams?

6 & 12 months

What is the ideal temperature of developing solution?

68 degrees

What is the temperature for automatic processing ?

90 degrees

Which dental specialist would be the most likely to ask for vertical bitewings?

A periodontist

What does movement by the patients head or the tubehead result in?

Blurred image

If the beam missed part of the film it results in what?

Cone cutting

What is the difference between the shades of gray?

Contrast

Streaks on film are a result of what?

Dirty rollers on an automatic processor and dirty processing racks

The larger the crystals, the ______ the film?

Faster

A brown stain is a result of insufficient what?

Fixing

What does placement of the film backward in the patients mouth result in?

Herringbone pattern

In the developing solution, which chemical blackens the exposed silver halide crystals?

Hydroquinone

When mounting films, what is the term used when placing the dot towards the operator?

Labial mounting

What is dark film image a result of?

Overdeveloping & solution being too warm

In the paralleling technique where should the film packet be?

Parallel to the long axis of the tooth

In the bisecting angle exposure technique, where should the central beam be?

Perpendicular to the bisecting line

What will the bitewing radiograph show?

Premolar and molar areas

What color spectrum is the safelight?

Red-orange

What appears on a bitewing radiograph?

alveolar crest, faulty restorations and caries

What does a periapical radiograph show?

apical area of a tooth, tooth development stage and eruption stage

Which observations should be made of a childs mouth before placing film?

caries, calculus and faulty restorations

What radiograph is used to assess the patients skeletal profile and structure?

cephalometric

What is the degree of darkness on an x-ray which is controlled by MAS?

density

What does duplication of a radiograph require?

duplicating film, duplication method and processing method

What is the technique error caused by not having enough angulation?

elongation

What error occurs when a dark fingerprint smudge appears?

film artifacts

What error occurs when there is a gray appearence and film image detail is lost?

fogged film

What is the technique error caused by having too much angulation?

foreshortening

What do panoramic radiographs give a view of?

fractures in bone, sinuses, entire dentition, TMJ and unerupted teeth

What are the dental specialists who routinely use extraoral radiographs?

oral surgeons and orthodontists

Which dental specialty routinely uses the cephalometric radiograph?

orthodontics

What does incorrect horizontal angulation result in?

overlapping

What are extraoral cassettes usually lined with?

phosphors and intensifying screens

When an automatic processor has a daylight loader, it means the film can be what?

processed in the daylight

A general rule of thumb is to fix how much as long as the developing time?

twice as long

What is a light film image a result of?

Underexposure

Which positiion should the patient be places for a bitewing radiograph?

Upright

What are occlusal radiographs taken to view?

Supernumerary teeth,cysts,and impacted teeth


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