Chapter 22 Radiology
In placing a periapical radiograph, how many inches over the occlusal/incisal edge should the film packet be places?
1/8 inch
What are the intervals of taking radiographs for routine dental exams?
6 & 12 months
What is the ideal temperature of developing solution?
68 degrees
What is the temperature for automatic processing ?
90 degrees
Which dental specialist would be the most likely to ask for vertical bitewings?
A periodontist
What does movement by the patients head or the tubehead result in?
Blurred image
If the beam missed part of the film it results in what?
Cone cutting
What is the difference between the shades of gray?
Contrast
Streaks on film are a result of what?
Dirty rollers on an automatic processor and dirty processing racks
The larger the crystals, the ______ the film?
Faster
A brown stain is a result of insufficient what?
Fixing
What does placement of the film backward in the patients mouth result in?
Herringbone pattern
In the developing solution, which chemical blackens the exposed silver halide crystals?
Hydroquinone
When mounting films, what is the term used when placing the dot towards the operator?
Labial mounting
What is dark film image a result of?
Overdeveloping & solution being too warm
In the paralleling technique where should the film packet be?
Parallel to the long axis of the tooth
In the bisecting angle exposure technique, where should the central beam be?
Perpendicular to the bisecting line
What will the bitewing radiograph show?
Premolar and molar areas
What color spectrum is the safelight?
Red-orange
What appears on a bitewing radiograph?
alveolar crest, faulty restorations and caries
What does a periapical radiograph show?
apical area of a tooth, tooth development stage and eruption stage
Which observations should be made of a childs mouth before placing film?
caries, calculus and faulty restorations
What radiograph is used to assess the patients skeletal profile and structure?
cephalometric
What is the degree of darkness on an x-ray which is controlled by MAS?
density
What does duplication of a radiograph require?
duplicating film, duplication method and processing method
What is the technique error caused by not having enough angulation?
elongation
What error occurs when a dark fingerprint smudge appears?
film artifacts
What error occurs when there is a gray appearence and film image detail is lost?
fogged film
What is the technique error caused by having too much angulation?
foreshortening
What do panoramic radiographs give a view of?
fractures in bone, sinuses, entire dentition, TMJ and unerupted teeth
What are the dental specialists who routinely use extraoral radiographs?
oral surgeons and orthodontists
Which dental specialty routinely uses the cephalometric radiograph?
orthodontics
What does incorrect horizontal angulation result in?
overlapping
What are extraoral cassettes usually lined with?
phosphors and intensifying screens
When an automatic processor has a daylight loader, it means the film can be what?
processed in the daylight
A general rule of thumb is to fix how much as long as the developing time?
twice as long
What is a light film image a result of?
Underexposure
Which positiion should the patient be places for a bitewing radiograph?
Upright
What are occlusal radiographs taken to view?
Supernumerary teeth,cysts,and impacted teeth
