Nutrition 6-11

On average, young men in the United States obtain__________ calories per day from beverages.

600

B vitamins often act as_________:

coenzymes

For healthy adults, the DRI for protein has been set at:

0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight.

Which of the following foods is (are) rich in beta-carotene?

ALL ABOVE -sweet potatoes -pumpkin -spinach

Magnesium:

ALL OF EM -assists in the operation of enzymes -is needed for the release/use of energy -is critical to normal heart function

BMI is of limited value for ______:

ALL OF EM -athletes -pregnant/lactating women -adults older than 65

Vomiting or diarrhea:

ALL OF EM -cause fluid to be pulled from between the cells in every part of the body -causes fluid to leave the cell interiors -cause kidneys to raise the sodium concentration outside the cells

Vitamin C deficiency symptoms include________:

ALL OF EM -red spots -loose teeth -anemia

A built environment can support physical activity with________:

ALL OF EM -safe biking/walking lanes -public parks -free exercise facilities

To prevent wasting of dietary protein, which of the following conditions must be met?

ALL THE ABOVE -dietary protein must not exceed the bodys need in quantity -dietary protein must supply all essential amino acids in the proper amounts -the diet must supply enough carbohydrates/calories

T or F After about 60 years of age, bones begin to lose density:

FALSE, After about age 40, the bones typically begin to lose density.

T or F People seeking fitness need primarily to develop muscle power, quick reaction time, agility, and resistance to muscle fatigue.

FALSE, Athletes who wish to excel in sports must develop muscle power, quick reaction time, agility, and resistance to muscle fatigue.

T or F Dairy foods such as butter, cream, and cream cheese are good sources of calcium, whereas vegetables such as broccoli are poor sources.

FALSE, Butter, cream, and cream cheese contain negligible calcium, being almost pure fat. Some vegetables, such as broccoli, are good sources of available calcium.

T or F Adolescents are likely to grow out of early disordered eating behaviors by young adulthood.

FALSE, Disordered eating behaviors in early life set a pattern that likely continues into young adulthood.

T or F Insufficient dietary protein can have severe consequences, but excess dietary protein cannot cause harm.

FALSE, Excess protein in the diet may have adverse effects, such as worsening kidney disease.

T or F Athletes should avoid frequent between-meal snacks.

FALSE, Frequent nutritious between-meal snacks can provide extra calories to help maintain body weight.

T or F Fried banana or vegetable snack chips make a healthy everyday snack choice for vegetarians.

FALSE, Fried banana or vegetable chips are often high in calories and saturated fat, and are best reserved for an occasional treat.

T or F According to genomic researchers, a single inherited gene is the probable cause of common obesity.

FALSE, Genomic researchers have identified multiple genes likely to play roles in obesity development but have not so far identified a single genetic cause of common obesity.

T or F To overload a muscle is never productive.

FALSE, Muscle cells and tissues respond to a physical activity overload by altering the structures and metabolic equipment needed to perform the work.

T or F The theory that vitamin C prevents or cures colds is well supported by research.

FALSE, No study to date has conclusively demonstrated that vitamin C can prevent colds or reduce their severity.

T or F Over-the-counter drugs for obesity are most often effective and pose little risk.

FALSE, Over-the-counter drugs for obesity most often present risk without benefit.

T or F The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends fluoride-free water for the U.S. population.

FALSE, The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, among others, recommends the consumption of fluoridated water.

T or F The BMI standard is an excellent tool for evaluating obesity in athletes and the elderly.

FALSE, The BMI are unsuitable for use with athletes and adults over age 65.

T or F The thermic effect of food plays a major role in energy expenditure.

FALSE, The thermic effect of food is believed to have negligible effects on total energy expenditure.

T or F Water intoxication cannot occur because water is so easily excreted by the body.

FALSE, Water intoxication occurs when too much plain water floods the body's fluids and disturbs their normal composition.

T or F The most abundant mineral in the body is iron:

FALSE, calcium is the most abundant

T or F The FDA has extensive regulatory control over supplement sales.

FALSE, the FDA has little control over supplement sales

T or F Vitamin A supplements can help treat acne.

FALSE, vitamin A supplements have no effect on acne

T or F A B vitamin often forms part of an enzymes active site, where a chemical reaction takes place

TRUE

T or F A diet too low in carbohydrate produces physical responses similar to those seen in fasting.

TRUE

T or F Added sugars can be useful in meeting the high carbohydrate needs of some athletes.

TRUE

T or F Aerobically trained muscles burn fat more readily than untrained muscles.

TRUE

T or F An example of a person in positive nitrogen balance is a pregnant woman.

TRUE

T or F Blood LDL values of people eating typical, meat-rich Western diets are generally higher than LDL values of vegetarians.

TRUE

T or F Children who don't drink milk often have lower bone density than those who do.

TRUE

T or F In cold weather, athletes who develop disorientation and slurred speech may be exhibiting signs of hypothermia.

TRUE

T or F In many people, any kind of stress can cause overeating and weight gain.

TRUE

T or F In the intestine, amino acids of the same general type compete for the same absorption sites, so a large dose of any one amino acid can limit absorption of another.

TRUE

T or F Most water-soluble vitamins are not stored in tissues to any great extent.

TRUE

T or F Partially completed proteins are not held for completion at a later time when the diet may improve.

TRUE

T or F Research does not support the idea that athletes need supplements of vitamins to enhance their performance.

TRUE

T or F The best way to control salt intake is to cut down on processed and fast foods.

TRUE

T or F The nervous system cannot use fat as fuel.

TRUE

T or F Today, an estimated 70 percent of the adults in the United States are overweight or obese.

TRUE

T or F Trabecular bone readily gives up its minerals whenever blood calcium needs replenishing.

TRUE

T or F Two tablespoons of peanut butter offer about the same amount of protein as a hot dog.

TRUE

T or F Vitamin D functions as a hormone to help maintain bone integrity.

TRUE

T or F Vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis of key bone proteins:

TRUE

T or F Whether from the tap or from a bottle, all water comes from the same sources.

TRUE

Under certain circumstances, amino acids can be converted to glucose and so serve the energy needs of the brain.

TRUE

Which of the following statements about basal metabolic rate (BMR) is correct?

The more thyroxine produced, the higher the BMR.

Which of these B vitamins is (are) present only in foods of animal origin?

Vitamin B12

An athlete's pregame meal should be:

a and c -low in fat -moderate in protein

The basic building blocks for protein are______

amino acids

Some segments of a protein strand coil, are somewhat like a metal spring, because:

amino acids at different places along the strand are chemically attracted to each other.

Vitamin K:

b and c -can be obtained from most milk products -can be made by digestive tract bacteria

Legumes are a particularly nutritious choice among protein-rich foods because they also provide

b and c -fiber -B vitamins, iron, other minerals

Water balance is governed by:

b and c -kidneys -brain

All of the following statements concerning beer are correct except:

beer gets most of its calories from carbohydrates

Which of these foods should form the bulk of the pregame meal?

breads, potatoes, pasta, and fruit juices

To temporarily increase the body's water content, a person need only:

consume extra salt

Body fat can be assessed by which of the following techniques?

dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

The water-soluble vitamins are characterized by all of the following except:

excesses are stored and easily build up to toxic concentrations.

The length of time a person must spend exercising to meet the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans varies by:

exercise intensity

The roles of protein in the body include all but_________:

gas exchange

A diagnostic criterion for celiac disease is:

high levels of blood antibodies

Which diet has been shown to increase an athlete's endurance?

high-carbohydrate diet

Vitamin E is famous for its role:

in protecting tissues from oxidation.

The eating pattern that best provides nutrients:

includes a wide variety of nutrient-dense foods

A deficiency of which mineral is a leading cause of mental retardation worldwide?

iodine

Which is required as part of myoglobin?

iron

Which of these mineral supplements can easily cause accidental poisoning in children?

iron

Brown adipose tissue__________:

is a well-known heat-generating tissue

Water from public water systems (tap water):

is disinfected to kill most microorganisms.

Which of the following is a physical consequence of fasting?

loss of lean body tissues

All of the following are health risks associated with excessive body fat except_______:

low blood lipids

All of the following are potential benefits of regular physical activity except:

lower risk of sickle-cell anemia.

Before athletic competitions, a moderate caffeine intake

may enhance performance

Most people who successfully maintain weight loss do all of the following except:

obtain at least some guidance from popular diet books.

In adults with vitamin D deficiency, poor bone mineralization can lead to_______:

osteomalacia

Which of the following pairs of foods offers complementary protein?

peanut butter on whole-wheat bread

A deficiency of niacin may result in which disease?

pellagra

Amino acids are linked together to form a protein strand by_______:

peptide bonds

Which two minerals are the major constituents of bone?

phosphorus and calcium

Too little___________ in the diet is associated with osteoporosis.

protein

Which of the following is (are) rich source(s) of vitamin E?

raw vegetable oil

To prevent both muscle cramps and hyponatremia, endurance athletes who compete and sweat heavily for four or more hours need to

replace sodium during the event

When the brain receives signals that enough food has been eaten, this is called_________:

satiation

The top food sources of zinc include_________:

shellfish

Insufficient dietary protein can cause:

slowed protein synthesis

Protein digestion begins in the ______:

stomach

The appetite-stimulating hormone ghrelin is made by the_________

stomach

Which of the following describes the fat-soluble vitamins?.

stored abundantly in tissues

Water-soluble vitamins are mostly absorbed into_________:

the blood

Which of the following energy systems provides the needed energy for a lifter's heave of a heavy weight?

the energy reservoir

Fat-soluble vitamins are mostly absorbed into:

the lymph

The number of calories to cut from the diet to produce weight loss should be based on:

the persons BMI

A person who exercises moderately for longer than 20 minutes begins to

use less glucose and more fat for fuel

A vegetarian diet planner must make an effort to obtain adequate__________:

vitamin B12

Which of the following vitamins are classified as fat-soluble?

vitamins A, D, E, and K