chapter 22_______ require skin grafting or the use of skin substitutes for acceptable closure of the wounds.

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Parenteral nutrition should be reserved for those cases of prolonged nothing by mouth (NPO) status lasting how long?

7

​Parenteral nutrition should be reserved for those cases of prolonged nothing by mouth (NPO) status lasting how long?

7 days

​What is the key difference between the body's physiological reaction to starvation and metabolic stress?

adaptation occurs during starvation

______ increases both gluconeogenesis and free fatty acid mobilization, and decreases overall protein synthesis with increased catabolism of skeletal muscle.

cortisol

​What type of burn is typically caused by exposure to hot oil?

deep partial thickness

What vitamins should be given to metabolically stressed patients while recovering?​

e and c

For critically ill individuals, nutritional needs can normally be met by the oral route.

false

The degree of metabolic stress is inversely proportionate with the seriousness of the injury.​

false

​Catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) increase energy availability by stimulating glycogenolysis and increasing the release of what alternative fuel source?

fatty acids

_______ require skin grafting or the use of skin substitutes for acceptable closure of the wounds.

full thickness

​What is the metabolic pathway through which glucose is formed from non-carbohydrate sources?

gluconeogenesis

​What amino acid supplement is strongly recommended for burn, trauma, and ICU patients?

glutamine

​What is the most common source of burn wounds?

heat

​What is the term for reduced blood flow?

hypoperfusion

​What happens to blood pressure during sepsis?

hypotension

​Enteral nutrition formulas should be high in what nutrients?

protein and omega 3 fatty acids

​What happens to the basal metabolic rate during starvation?

reduces

​What mineral does ASPEN recommend for supplementation in the critically ill?

selenium

​What factor is NOT correlated with the severity of electrical burns?

temperature

​How long, on average, does it take for a healthy patient to progress to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?

2 weeks

​For critically ill patients, when should enteral nutrition be started in the hospital?

24-48

Once access to the GI tract has been established, the first step in developing the nutrition prescriptions choosing the appropriate enteral formula.

true

​Many general surgical procedures do not pose nutritional risk.

true

​Multiorgan distress syndrome is also referred to as multisystem organ failure.

true

​The depth of the wound and the percentage of the body surface area that is affected are used to classify burn injury.

true

What cells in the blood are markedly increased during sepsis?​

wbc

​What mineral supplements are most important for burn victims?

zn and selenium

​What amino acid is the primary substrate required for gluconeogenesis?

​alanine

​During metabolic stress, what supplies the substrate used for gluconeogenesis?

​breakdown of muscle tissue

​What condition causes the highest excretion of nitrogen per day from the body?

​major burn


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