Chapter 22/23

Protestant Reformation

16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe

anamorphic image

a distorted image that must be viewed in special way(mirror) to be recognized.

Entablature

a horizontal, continuous lintel on a classical building supported by columns or a wall, comprising the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

In Leonardo's Last Supper, the numerous preparatory sketches and studies he made for the work indicate how carefully he thought about this work as a complete entity representing the entire story and its theme. Based on this which of the following would describe Leonardo's conceptualization of the figures from his Last Supper? Select one: a. Each figure was individualized. b. He used the emotions of rage and sorrow for each figure appearing at each end of the table. c. He grouped the figures in threes and they all expressed the same emotion. d. All the figures expressed only rage.

a. Each figure was individualized.

Hans Holbein, a master portraitist, combines realism with monumental composition and sculpturesque form. Which of the following traditions does this describe? Select one: a. Flemish and Italian b. French and Italian c. Flemish and French d. Dutch and Italian

a. Flemish and Italian

Which of the following artists specialized in portraiture? Select one: a. Hans Holbein b. Grünewald c. Pieter Bruegel d. Altdorfer

a. Hans Holbein

Michelangelo's fascination with the human body was a lifelong pursuit. In his David he presented a perfect body with an attuned mind, prepared and ready for action. Which of the following descriptions of this work would support this statement? Select one: a. It is a combination of athletic tension and psychological insight. b. It is a combination of Hellenistic excess and restrained emotion. c. It is a combination of athletic tension and emotional excess. d. It is a combination of Greek perfection and psychological insight.

a. It is a combination of athletic tension and psychological insight.

The Neo-Platonic ideals of the Medici circle were most congenial to the thinking of which of the following artists? Select one: a. Michelangelo b. Raphael c. Bronzino d. Leonardo da Vinci

a. Michelangelo

Which sculptor believed that the artist must proceed by first finding the idea¾the image¾locked in the stone and then release it by chipping away the stone? Select one: a. Michelangelo b. Christoforo Foppa Caradosso c. Giovanni da Bologna d. Benvenuto Cellini

a. Michelangelo

The Protestant concern about the role of religious imagery was in many cases outright hostile. Martin Luther spoke about destroying images. This destruction of religious imagery also occurred during the Byzantine period. Which of the following defines this act? Select one: a. iconoclasm b. idolatry c. iconography d. iconology

a. iconoclasm

Paul III convened the Council of Trent in 1545. It was part of which of the following? Select one: a. the Counter-Reformation b. the Hanseatic League c. the Hundred Years War d. the League of Cambrai

a. the Counter-Reformation

Column

an upright pillar

In the 16th century power was focused on the king. This monarch made a concerted effort to elevate his country's cultural profile by inviting esteemed Italian artists to his court. Who was this monarch? Select one: a. Elizabeth I b. Francis I c. Charles V d. Henry VIII

b. Francis I

Which of the following was the primary church for the Jesuits in Rome? Select one: a. St. Peter's b. Il Gesù c. Santa Maria Maggiore d. San Giorgio Maggiore

b. Il Gesù

Who was Raphael's teacher? Select one: a. Signorelli b. Perugino c. Andrea del Sarto d. Bronzino

b. Perugino

Which artist that did a series of six paintings showing seasonal changes? Select one: a. Jan Gossaert b. Pieter Bruegel c. Bosch d. Grünewald

b. Pieter Bruegel

Which of the following developed in 15th century Italy but fully matured in 16th century Italy? Select one: a. manuscript illumination b. perspectival systems c. fresco d. architectural standards

b. perspectival systems

In Pieter Aertsen's Meat Still-Life, the artist has created what appears to be a descriptive genre scene, a butcher's shop displaying its products, as well as fish and pretzels. This work also has embedded within it which of the following? Select one: a. political references b. religious references c. social references d. cultural references

b. religious references

What anamorphic symbol appears in Holbein's French Ambassadors? Select one: a. skeleton b. skull c. seal of Henry VIII d. seal of Francis I

b. skull

In Bruegel's Netherlandish Proverbs, the artist has depicted the Netherlandish obsession with proverbs. The scene is busy with a topsy-turvy multiplicity of figures and activities. It is reminiscent of which of the following artists? Select one: a. Mantegna b. Jan van Eyck c. Bosch d. Giovanni Bellini

c. Bosch

The destruction of images in German cities that occurred in the 1520s is known as the ____. Select one: a. Saint Anthony's Fire b. Thirty Years War c. Great Iconoclasm d. Counter-Reformation

c. Great Iconoclasm

In Hunters in the Snow, the artist has captured the atmosphere of a cold winter's day. The landscape is snow-covered and stark with the returning hunters wearily trudging home. It is reminiscent of earlier renditions of seasons. Which of the following also described the seasons and might have been influential in the conception of this work? Select one: a. Masaccio's Tribute Money b. Konrad Witz's Miraculous Draught of Fish c. Limbourg Brothers' Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry d. Ambrogio Lorenzetti's Peaceful Country

c. Limbourg Brothers' Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry

Which of the following artists traveled to Italy yet chose not to incorporate classical elements into his work? Select one: a. Hans Holbein b. Jan Gossaert c. Pieter Bruegel d. Dürer

c. Pieter Bruegel

Increasingly in portraiture, artists of the High Renaissance paid particular attention to the subject's personality and psychic state. This could also be said to describe the portraiture of which of the following artists? Select one: a. Giulio Romano b. Michelangelo c. Raphael d. Cellini

c. Raphael

The major center for artistic development in the High Renaissance was ____. Select one: a. Florence b. Mantua c. Rome d. Parma

c. Rome

His remarkable sense of color and his ability to convey light through color emerge in the altarpiece, Assumption of the Virgin. Who was this artist? Select one: a. Raphael b. Giorgione c. Titian d. Michelangelo

c. Titian

How has Michelangelo portrayed David? Select one: a. By watching Goliath die b. By celebrating the defeat of Goliath c. With stern watchfulness before the battle d. At the moment of victory

c. With stern watchfulness before the battle

Ionic Order

carved from top to bottom slender tall

In Leonardo's Last Supper, how did the artist break with traditional iconography? Select one: a. By including the Virgin seated at the table b. By including the Magdalene in the role of servant c. By not including Judas at all d. By the placement of Judas on the same side as Christ and the other Disciples

d. By the placement of Judas on the same side as Christ and the other Disciples

In Raphael's Stanza della Segnatura, he reconciled the philosophies and teachings of Plato and Aristotle. Which of the following have also been reconciled? Select one: a. Julius II and Lorenzo de'Medici b. Rome and Florence c. Rome and England d. Paganism and Christianity

d. Paganism and Christianity

The dome Bramante designed for St. Peter's in Rome would have resembled which of the following? Select one: a. St. Mark's, Venice b. Hagia Sophia, Constantinople (Istanbul) c. Florence Cathedral d. Pantheon, Rome

d. Pantheon, Rome

Leonardo's style fully emerges in the cartoon, Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and the Infant Saint John. Which of the following describes this work? Select one: a. The cartoon is ordered with pictorial logic reflecting the International Gothic style. b. The cartoon is ordered with the visual unity of the 15th century Flemish style. c. The cartoon is ordered with pictorial logic of Piero della Francesca. d. The cartoon is ordered with pictorial logic and visual unity.

d. The cartoon is ordered with pictorial logic and visual unity.

In his print of the Fall of Man, Dürer demonstrated his knowledge of classical art in the representation of the ____. Select one: a. wooded landscape setting b. highly detailed animals c. distant view of a goat teetering on the edge of a cliff d. figures of Adam and Eve

d. figures of Adam and Eve

iconoclasm

destruction of religious or sacred images

cartoon

drawing from which a painting was made

disegno

drawing is an external manifestation and internal intellectual idea of design

sfumato

haziness, softens outline of painting

Mannerism

imagery not directly derived from nature

Doric Order

no base very plain but powerful looking

Capriccio

praise the originality and talent of artist

pietá

representation of virgin mary pouring over body of dead Christ

Counter-Reformation

the reaction of the Catholic Church to the Protestant Reformation.

Pediment

the triangular upper part of the front of a building in classical style, typically surmounting a portico of columns.