Chapter 24 Animals (chordates & vertebrates)

Why should birds also be considered reptiles?

because they evolved from dinosaurs.

What is unique about their reproduction?

All cartilaginous fish reproduce using internal fertilization. The male uses claspers to grasp the female and then he releases sperm to fertilize the female's oocytes

How do amphibians use terrestrrial and aquatic habitants?

Amphibians live in both water and on land. They are born and live in water, they breath using gills. The adults live on land for part of the time and breath both through their lungs and skin.

What distinguishes the three main groups of mammals?

Based on how their babies develop, the three groups are monotremes, marsupials and the largest group placental mammals.

What unique adaptations are present in the coelacanths and lunfish?

Coelacanths and lungfish are distinct from other fish in that they are lobe-finned species. Lobe-finned species, like ray-finned fishes such as tuna and trout

What characteristics define a chordate?

Dorsal nerve cord - runs down back - all in some groups will develop into brain & spinal cord Notochord - flexible - runs length of body will develop into spin - flexible provides support Pharyngeal gill slits - throat function as gills Post anal tail - beyond digestive system after anus tip

What distinguishes hagfish and lampreys from other fish?

Hagfish have small mouth openings to suck up worms, to defend themselves smothers prey - glands along body releases slimy substance that smothers prey. Lampreys attach to fish & feed on blood - sharp teeth.

To which group do humans belong?

Humans belong to placental mammals.

What is the scientific name for each group?

Porifera - sponges, no muscle tissue; Cnideria - sea jellies, corals; Ctenophora - comb jellies; Platuhelminthes - flat worms, head, tail, top, bottom, no resportary system; Annelida - segmented worms; Mollusca - most diverse group, pod or foot, clams, oysters, scallops; Nematoda - round worms; Anthropoda - most, predictors, exoskeleton, outside hard parts, 4 main groups, CHELICRATES, MYRIDODS, CRUSTACEANS, INSECTS; Echmodermata - sea star, sea urchin, sea cucumber

What distinguishes reptiles from amphibians?

Reptiles have dry and scaly skin, whereas amphibians feel moist and sometimes sticky. They are vertebrates and cold blooded like amphibians. As compared to reptiles, amphibians have smooth skin. Limbs and lungs are for adaptions of life on land and distinguish them from reptiles.

What kinds of organisms are considered reptiles?

Reptiles include crocodiles, turtles, lizards, birds and snakes.

How do lancelets differ from sea squirts?

Sea squirts are animals that belong to the urochordates (also known as tunicates). They are familiar invertebrates, live in rock pools and deeper soil. Their body is shaped like a "U" and is sessile in nature, anchored to rocks in the bottom of the sea. Most of them are translucent or whitish in color. they do not possess a jointed backbone Lancelets are slender animals that are partially buried in the sea bed, in shallow waters. They are 0.4 to 3 inches long and look like slender fish without eyes, and have bodies that taper at both ends. The lancelets also possess notochords, but unlike sea squirts the notochords run the entire length of the body.

How do they gather food?

Sea squirts are immobile, they filter feed.In other words. Lancelets is a suspension feeder, which means that it feeds on small particulate matter that comes suspended in the marine environment. The lancelet uses hair-like tentacles to collect its food and guide it to its mouth.

How are sea squirts similiar to sponges? How are they different?

Sea squirts are similar to sponges because both have all 4 characteristics. They are different because sea squirts lead 2 openings as adults , they filter water in and out for food through gill slits, and sit still at he bottom of the ocean.

Why do you think this is the most diverse group?

The actinopterygians, or ray-finned fish, are one of the two major clades of ... by far the most diverse group of fish, containing over one-third of all ray-finned fish ...

How are mammals different from reptiles?

The main difference between mammals and reptiles is the way the regulate body heat. Mammals have hair or furs while reptiles have scales. Mammals need to feed milk to the young, reptiles don't need to as the hatch-ling can fend for themselves. Mammals are hot blooded while reptiles are cold blooded.

How are the ray-finned fish different from other fish?

The ray-finned fish have fin rays, with fins supported by bony spines known as rays. ... The lobe-finned fish are characterized by fleshy lobed fins, as opposed to the bony fins of the ray-finned fish. There are two types of living lobe-finned fish: the coelacanths and the lungfish.

What are the major groups of animals?

There are six major groups of animals. They are invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

Why don't all chordates show these signs as adults?

These characteristics are only present during embryonic development in some chordates. The notochord provides skeletal support, gives the phylum its name, and develops into the vertebral column in vertebrates. The dorsal hollow nerve cord develops into the central nervous system: the brain and spine.

What are the similarities and differences between the three main groups?

They are divided into these groups because of the structure of their mouths and the types of skeletons they have. There are jawless fishes, cartilaginous (cart uhl AJ uh nuhs) fishes, and bony fishes. All three types are "cold-blooded," or ectotherms.

How do they acquire oxygen?

They breath both through their skin and their lungs.

What characteristics define vertebrates?

Vertebrates have a system of muscles attached to the endoskeleton to enable movement. ... Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system with a heart. ... Most vertebrates have skin covered with scales, feathers, fur, or hair.

What evolutionary innovation first showed up in cartilaginous fish?

Water tight scale covered skin and the amniotic egg

What is the common name for each group?

sponges, sea jellies, flatworms, segmented worms, clams, roundworms, spiders, sea star