chapter 24 quiz

_________ was the term used by the Japanese to refer to the Western ships arriving on Japanese waters, such as Commodore Perry's fleets in 1853 and 1854.

"Black Ships"

New Emperor Mutsuhito's Japan sought to make good on its promise and took on the name of Meiji, meaning _________, and launched a series of progressive reforms aimed at strengthening imperial rule, as exemplified by the issuing of the Charter Oath of 1868.

"Enlightened Rule"

In the aftermath of losing the war, a group of young Chinese officials pushed for a series of widespread reforms aimed at completely revamping China's government and many of its leading institutions in what became known as the _________.

"Hundred Days of Reform"

In 1899, at the behest of United States Secretary of State John Hay, European powers were persuaded to refrain from securing exclusive concessions and, instead, to maintain a(n) _________ policy for all.

"Open Door"

The severity of peace provisions after 1895 signaled to the Western powers in East Asia that China was now weak enough to have massive economic and territorial demands forced on it and led to a _________ in which not just Japan, but also France, Great Britain, Russia, and Germany all made known their own territorial demands on China.

"race for concessions"

Even before the Meiji Restoration, Japan had one of the highest levels of preindustrial literacy in the world, _______ percent for males and 15 percent for females.

40

A ________ sect called the White Lotus sparked a rebellion against the Qing soon after the Qianlong emperor stepped down from his throne in 1795.

Buddhist

The most prominent of the ___________, which emerged in the 1860s, was Shenbao.

Chinese-language newspapers

With the ascension of the infant Guangxu as emperor in 1874 came the regency of Empress Dowager _________.

Cixi

Two major political parties rose to prominence in Japan by the turn of the turn of the twentieth century, the Kenseito, or Liberal, Party (later re-established as the Minseito), and the more powerful Seiyukai, or _________.

Constitutional Government Party

The Japanese occupation of Manchuria's Liaodong Peninsula in the 1890s was opposed by the Triple Intervention, an alliance of all of the following European countries except:

Great Brtain

Much of the resistance to the Emperor _________'s "hundred days' reform" program, issued in a flurry of edicts in 1898, was centered on the empress dowager.

Guangxu

By the 1880s, a university system anchored by Tokyo Imperial University was offering courses in all of the following areas except:

Haiku

An anti-Qing and anti-foreign group calling itself the Society of the _________ Fists was referred to as "Boxers" by the foreign community in China

Harmonious

In 1899, _________, the US secretary of state, circulated a note suggesting that all powers remain committed to an "open door" to trade in China.

John Hay

The war between China and Japan over control of _________ graphically exposed the problems of China's self-strengthening efforts.

Korea

The _________ Constitution was promulgated in 1889 and remained in force in Japan until it was supplanted by a constitution composed by Allied occupation forces after World War II.

Meiji

The Treaty of ______ between the Chinese and the British in 1842 marked the first of the century's "unequal treaties" that would be imposed throughout east Asia by European powers.

Nanjing

The Treaty of _________, which put an end to the first of the Opium Wars, marked the first of the century's "unequal treaties" that would be imposed throughout east Asia by European powers in order to open Chinese ports to foreign trade.

Nanjing

The commander of an American fleet, Matthew C. _________, arrived in Japan in July 1853, deliberately attempting to impress the Japanese with Western technological might.

Perry

By the fall of 1894, a full-scale war over the fate of Korea and northeast Asia, called the _________ War, was under way.

Sino-Japanese

The ________ Rebellion, led by Hong Xiuquan and his Christian-influenced declarations, began in 1851.

Taiping

Like the Chinese "self-strengtheners", Japanese senior advisors to the emperor sought to use new foreign technologies and institutions to strengthen the state ___________.

against further foreign intrusion

Among other provisions, the Treaty of Shimonoseki:

allowed the Japanese to annex Taiwan

As a result of the Empress Dowager having openly lent her support to the Boxers movement through secret negotiations and having consequently declared war on all the foreign powers in China, _________ and a multi-national relief force led by the Germans and British and largely manned by the Japanese was quickly assembled which also included units from all countries with interests in China.

civil war broke out across Northern China

Through a treaty, the British imposed the policy of _________, by which their subjects who were accused of violating Chinese laws would be tried and punished by British consuls.

extraterritoriality

As a result of a British and French raid on Beijing in 1860, a newly created Chinese board, the Zongli Yamen, was to handle Qing ________, and the Chinese were invited to send their own ambassadors abroad.

foreign relations

As the trade in "foreign mud" (opium) began, heavily armed ships would unload their cargo of opium on small, sparsely inhabited offshore islands, from which:

middlemen picked up the drug and made their rounds on the mainland.

After China's failure against the British in 1840, Lin Zexu and other officials argued that China, at the very least, needed the same kind of __________.

naval ships

Another policy imposed by the British was that of _________, the loss by a country of its right to set its own tariffs.

nontariff autonomy

The culmination of the trend to incorporate Western models into the Japanese _____________ was Natsume Soseki's Kokoro (1914).

novel

Living on the edge of poverty in many areas, with old trade routes and handicrafts disrupted by the treaty ports, many _______ saw in the Taipings, the Nian, and other local rebellions a desperate way to change their situations.

peasants

The two key terms in the popular Chinese self-strengthening formulation Zhongxue wei ti and Xixue wei yong meant "Chinese studies for the essence" and "Western studies for the __________."

practical application

All of the rights of Japanese subjects set out in the Meiji Constitution's 15 articles are:

qualified by such praises as "unless provided by law"

As a result of the Second Opium War, Qing China was forced to abide by all but one of the following:

reduction of extraterritoriality privileges

In order to stem the tide of Western encroachment and influence, a growing number of Chinese officials advocated a policy of _________, whose two most prominent advocates were Li Hongzhang and Zeng Guofan.

self-strengthening

One of the signs of the prominence of Cao Xueqin's novel The Dream of the Red Chamber is:

that an entire field of scholarship on the book is called "red studies" or "redology"

Which of the following factors did not shape Japan's pursuit of an overseas empire?

the Tokugawa shogunate's desire for contact with Western culture