CHAPTER 24 TEST (4)

37. The Pan-German League advocated

anti-liberal policies including the development of a global German colonial empire to unite all different classes of citizens at home.

11. Social Darwinism was

applying the ideas of Darwin to society.

19. In his encyclical De Rerum Novarum (1891), Pope Leo XIII

asserted that much in socialism was Christian in principle.

6. Friedrich Nietzsche

believed that Christianity had deeply undermined the creative power of western civilization.

8. According to Sigmund Freud, behavior was

determined by one's unconscious and by inner drives of which people were generally unaware.

48. The Bismarckian System had the ultimate result of

dividing Europe into two opposing groups of nations making war more likely.

14. The urbanization of Europe brought religion under attack from all of the following except

parliaments and legal societies.

18. The higher criticism of the Bible championed by the French Catholic scholar Ernst Renan

questioned the historical accuracy of the Bible and denied the divinity of Jesus.

5. The quantum theory of energy developed by Max Planck raised fundamental questions about the

subatomic realm of the atom and the basic building blocks of the material world.

25. The first professional occupation to be opened up to women was

teacher.

38. The Fabian Socialists in Britain advocated

the necessity of workers using their new voting rights to elect a new House of Commons wherein legislation favorable to the working classes could be passed in democratic fashion.

16. The best example of naturalistic literature can be found in the novels of

Emile Zola.

26. Which of the following was not a pioneer in the field of nursing?

Emmeline Pankhurst

27. The leader of the womens suffrage movement in England was

Emmeline Pankhurst.

7. Which of the following philosophers advocated violence, if necessary, as a means of achieving socialism?

Georges Sorel

1. Who was responsible for the theory of relativity?

Einstein

20. The Catholic Church took a rigid stand against modern ideas including religious toleration, freedom of speech, and freedom of the press under the direction of conservative popes such as

Pius IX.

22. Which of the following art movements was not prominent in the three decades prior to World War I?

Surrealism

39. Italian trasformismo

was a policy of politics employed by Giovanni Giolitti and included the transformation of old political parties into new power blocks through the calculated use of political patronage and outright bribery.

17. Explaining his use of naturalism in his novels and his depiction of characters, Emile Zola said

"I have simply done on living bodies the work of analysis which surgeons perform on corpses."

35. The event which exemplified renewed anti-Semitism in France in the late nineteenth century was the

Dreyfus affair.

30. In general, by the late nineteenth century, the worst treatment of the Jews occurred in

Eastern Europe.

47. The Triple Alliance before 1914 included which of the following countries?

Germany, Austria, Italy

49. The Triple Entente before 1914 included which of the following countries?

Great Britain, France, Russia

33. In order to implement the Liberal Party's social reform program, David Lloyd George radically curtailed the power of the

House of Lords.

21. In art, modernism found its beginnings in the work of Pissarro called

Impressionism.

4. Inquiry into the disintegrative processes within atoms became a central theme in the new physics in part due to the experimental work of

Marie and Pierre Curie on radium and radiation.

50. The primary antagonists in the Balkans region were

Serbs and Austrians.

43. The mid-Pacific islands became a sphere of influence of

United States.

42. The Boer War was fought by the British in

Zimbabwe.

2. Just prior to World War I, the European intellectual community was marked by

a sense of confusion and anxiety leading to feelings of imminent catastrophe.

32. Theodor Herzl, the leader of the Zionist movement,

advocated the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.

9. Freud maintained that a human being's inner life was a battleground between all of the following except the

alterego.

24. At its premier, Igor Stravinsky's Rite of Spring, now considered as a classic example of modernism in music and ballet,

caused a great riot at the theater by the audience because of its sharp dissonance, and blatant sensuality.

45. The Meiji Restoration in Japan

created a political system democratic in form but rigidly authoritarian in practice and sent many Japanese abroad to be educated in the ways of the west and adopted many western reforms in political and military organization.

13. Using Darwin's terminology, Herbert Spencer argued that

human societies were organism evolving through time by struggling with their environments

15. The greatest difference between naturalism and realism in literature was

in general, naturalism was more pessimistic than realism.

34. Among the notable achievements of the British Liberals under Lloyd George was

passage of the National Insurance Act of 1911 providing sickness and unemployment benefits to workers with state aid.

31. Maria Montessori exemplifies the "new woman" of modern times in that

she obtained a professional degree and applied her expertise to new fields of inquiry like early childhood development.

40. Russia's disastrous defeat in the Russo-Japanese war indirectly led to the

the Revolution of 1905.

41. Which of the following was not an argument to justify imperialism at the turn of the century?

the argument to lessen the burden of excess European population, especially criminals and other "undesirables"

23. Modernism in music included all of the following elements except

the exclusive use of extremely regular rhythms.

46. The basis of the Bismarckian System was

the isolation of France through a series of military alliances.

36. Growing tensions in modern German society were exemplified by

the proliferation of ultra-nationalist right-wing political pressure groups with anti-Semitic, racist, and imperialist beliefs.

3. The experimental work of early twentieth-century physicists challenged and ultimately invalidated

the rational, mechanical conception of the universe posited in the physics of Newton.

12. According to Houston Stewart Chamberlain, the Aryans were

the real creators of western culture.

28. To advance the cause of women's suffrage, the Women's Social and Political Union founded by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters

took a radical, public, and well publicized approach to the movement, employing different media and provocative public actions, like pelting male politicians with eggs.

10. According to Freud, the superego

was the locus of conscience and represented the inhibitions and moral values society in general and parents in particular impose upon people.

44. The "Boxers"

were Chinese who attempted to expel all foreigners from the country through armed rebellion.

29. During the nineteenth century, Jews

were emancipated in most countries, but still faced restrictions