chapter 24 urinary system

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases,

more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases.

Countercurrent multiplication takes place in the

nephron loop

The ________ delivers urine to a minor calyx.

papillary duct

The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries.

peritubular

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

reabsorbing nutrients

Regarding kidney function, in ________, solutes are transported from the peritubular fluid across the tubular epithelium into the tubular fluid.

secretion

Chloride ion is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb by

cotransport with Na ions

The DCT secretes hydrogen ions in exchange for sodium ions by the process of

countertransport

The outermost layer of the kidney is the

fibrous capsule

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term calyx?

final urine enters here

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to

increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex

Increased sympathetic tone can do all of the following except

increase the glomerular filtration rate

Antidiuretic hormone

increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water.

________ nephrons are essential to water conservation and the production of concentrated urine.

juxtamedullary

All of the following are true of the kidneys except that they are

located partly within the pelvic cavity.

During the micturition reflex,

stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall sends impulses to the sacral cord.

Which of the following is greater?

the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the nephron loop

In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce

urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions.

The ________ is a capillary plexus that parallels the nephron loop.

vasa recta

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium.

transitional

The area of the urinary bladder bounded by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the

trigone

A healthy adult typically produces ________ of urine per day.

1200 ml

Approximately ________ liters of glomerular filtrate enter glomerular capsules each day.

180

What percentage of nutrients (glucose, amino acids, etc.) is reabsorbed in the PCT?

99

The filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the

PCT

Eighty-five percent of nephrons in the human kidney are located in the ________ and have short nephron loops.

cortex

The afferent arteriole in the kidney

carries blood to the glomerulus

The detrusor muscle

compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra.

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the

efferent arteriole

The process of filtration occurs at the

glomerulus

The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the

hilum

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the

renal pelvis

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term "renal papilla"?

tip of the medullary pyramid