chapter 24 urinary system
When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases,
more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases.
Countercurrent multiplication takes place in the
nephron loop
The ________ delivers urine to a minor calyx.
papillary duct
The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries.
peritubular
The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is
reabsorbing nutrients
Regarding kidney function, in ________, solutes are transported from the peritubular fluid across the tubular epithelium into the tubular fluid.
secretion
Chloride ion is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb by
cotransport with Na ions
The DCT secretes hydrogen ions in exchange for sodium ions by the process of
countertransport
The outermost layer of the kidney is the
fibrous capsule
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term calyx?
final urine enters here
One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to
increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex
Increased sympathetic tone can do all of the following except
increase the glomerular filtration rate
Antidiuretic hormone
increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water.
________ nephrons are essential to water conservation and the production of concentrated urine.
juxtamedullary
All of the following are true of the kidneys except that they are
located partly within the pelvic cavity.
During the micturition reflex,
stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall sends impulses to the sacral cord.
Which of the following is greater?
the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the nephron loop
In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce
urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions.
The ________ is a capillary plexus that parallels the nephron loop.
vasa recta
The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium.
transitional
The area of the urinary bladder bounded by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the
trigone
A healthy adult typically produces ________ of urine per day.
1200 ml
Approximately ________ liters of glomerular filtrate enter glomerular capsules each day.
180
What percentage of nutrients (glucose, amino acids, etc.) is reabsorbed in the PCT?
99
The filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the
PCT
Eighty-five percent of nephrons in the human kidney are located in the ________ and have short nephron loops.
cortex
The afferent arteriole in the kidney
carries blood to the glomerulus
The detrusor muscle
compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra.
Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the
efferent arteriole
The process of filtration occurs at the
glomerulus
The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the
hilum
The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the
renal pelvis
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term "renal papilla"?
tip of the medullary pyramid