Chapter 24 - Urinary system - Smart book

Between the visceral and parietal layers of the glomerular capsule is a ______ _______

Capsular space (recieves filtrate )

True or false: The main function of the urinary system is to remove oxygen from the bloodstream

False: The main function is to remove waste products from the bloodstream

The kidneys aid in acid-base balance by altering the rate of reabsorption of ______ and ________

Hydrogen and Bicarbonate

The peritubular capillaries and vasa recta drain into the smallest of veins called the _________ vein

Interlobular

The ________ control the blood volume with help from the hormones

Kidneys

The functional filtration unit in a kidney is the ________

Nephron

What does the renal tubule consists of?

Nephron loop, distal convulated tubule, proximal convulated tubule

The ______ is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium with tall microvilli for maximum reabsorption

Proximal convulated tubule

The _________________ is an expandable, muscular sac that can store that can store as much as 1 liter or urine

Urinary bladder

Urine is produced continuously but is stored in the _______ for release when convenient

Urinary bladder

The __________ are associated with the nephron loop and primarily reside in the medulla of the kidney.

Vasa recta

what connects to the hilum of the kidney?

blood vessels, ureter, nerves

Structures closest to the nephron and the last closest to the urinary bladder

collecting duct -> papillary duct -> minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis

extensions of the cortex, called renal ______, project into the medulla and subdivide the medulla into renal______

columns; pyramids

The wide base of a renal pyramid lies next to the ____

cortex

The ________ nephrons make up approximately 85% of the nephrons in a human kidney

cortical

What are the two types of nephrons?

cortical and juxtamedullary

The epithelial cells of the collecting tubules are ______ but are ______ cells in the collecting ducts near the renal papilla

cuboidal; columnar

Each nephron loop has two limbs; a ___________ limb that extends from the cortex to the medulla and an _______ limb that returns back into the renal cortex

descending; ascending

If blood oxygen levels are reduced, cells in the kidney respond by secreting the hormone _________________.

erythropoieten

Besides removing waste products from the bloodstream, the urinary system performs many other functions, including which of the following?

erythropoietin production, urine storage, acid-base production, blood volume production

what is the primary functions of the kidney?

filter blood and convert the filtrate to urine

what is the renal corpuscle is composed of?

glomerulus, glomerular capsule

The segmental arteries branch to form the ________ arteries that travel through the renal columns

interlobar

Only about 15% of our nephrons are __________ nephrons

juxtamedullary

What is the urinary system composed of?

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Several ___ calyces merge to form larger spaces called ___ calyces.

minor; major

A renal lobe consists of a medullary pyramid and the adjacent renal columns as well as the renal ________

papilla

Major calyces merge to form a large funnel-shaped renal ____

pelvis

The kidney's are located in the ______ abdominal wall

posterior

The kidneys help control the blood's inorganic ion balance. Which ions are controlled primarily by the kidneys?

potassium, sodium, phosphate, calcium

What does the renal tubule consist of?

procimal convulated tubule (PCT), Distal convulated tubule (DCT), Nephron loop ( loop of henle)

what are the functions of the fibrous capsule (renal capsule)

protects kidneys from trama, pathogens, and maintains kidney's shape

Urine from the____ is collected by the ____ and then drained into the _____

renal pyramids; minor calyces; major calyces

What type of cells line the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

simple cuboidal epithelium

Urine flows from the renal papilla through the calyces into the renal pelvis and then directly into the ____

ureter

The renal corpuscle has two poles. Where the glomerular afferent and efferent arterioles are found is called the ___________ pole.

vascular