Chapter 24 - Urinary system - Smart book
Between the visceral and parietal layers of the glomerular capsule is a ______ _______
Capsular space (recieves filtrate )
True or false: The main function of the urinary system is to remove oxygen from the bloodstream
False: The main function is to remove waste products from the bloodstream
The kidneys aid in acid-base balance by altering the rate of reabsorption of ______ and ________
Hydrogen and Bicarbonate
The peritubular capillaries and vasa recta drain into the smallest of veins called the _________ vein
Interlobular
The ________ control the blood volume with help from the hormones
Kidneys
The functional filtration unit in a kidney is the ________
Nephron
What does the renal tubule consists of?
Nephron loop, distal convulated tubule, proximal convulated tubule
The ______ is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium with tall microvilli for maximum reabsorption
Proximal convulated tubule
The _________________ is an expandable, muscular sac that can store that can store as much as 1 liter or urine
Urinary bladder
Urine is produced continuously but is stored in the _______ for release when convenient
Urinary bladder
The __________ are associated with the nephron loop and primarily reside in the medulla of the kidney.
Vasa recta
what connects to the hilum of the kidney?
blood vessels, ureter, nerves
Structures closest to the nephron and the last closest to the urinary bladder
collecting duct -> papillary duct -> minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis
extensions of the cortex, called renal ______, project into the medulla and subdivide the medulla into renal______
columns; pyramids
The wide base of a renal pyramid lies next to the ____
cortex
The ________ nephrons make up approximately 85% of the nephrons in a human kidney
cortical
What are the two types of nephrons?
cortical and juxtamedullary
The epithelial cells of the collecting tubules are ______ but are ______ cells in the collecting ducts near the renal papilla
cuboidal; columnar
Each nephron loop has two limbs; a ___________ limb that extends from the cortex to the medulla and an _______ limb that returns back into the renal cortex
descending; ascending
If blood oxygen levels are reduced, cells in the kidney respond by secreting the hormone _________________.
erythropoieten
Besides removing waste products from the bloodstream, the urinary system performs many other functions, including which of the following?
erythropoietin production, urine storage, acid-base production, blood volume production
what is the primary functions of the kidney?
filter blood and convert the filtrate to urine
what is the renal corpuscle is composed of?
glomerulus, glomerular capsule
The segmental arteries branch to form the ________ arteries that travel through the renal columns
interlobar
Only about 15% of our nephrons are __________ nephrons
juxtamedullary
What is the urinary system composed of?
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Several ___ calyces merge to form larger spaces called ___ calyces.
minor; major
A renal lobe consists of a medullary pyramid and the adjacent renal columns as well as the renal ________
papilla
Major calyces merge to form a large funnel-shaped renal ____
pelvis
The kidney's are located in the ______ abdominal wall
posterior
The kidneys help control the blood's inorganic ion balance. Which ions are controlled primarily by the kidneys?
potassium, sodium, phosphate, calcium
What does the renal tubule consist of?
procimal convulated tubule (PCT), Distal convulated tubule (DCT), Nephron loop ( loop of henle)
what are the functions of the fibrous capsule (renal capsule)
protects kidneys from trama, pathogens, and maintains kidney's shape
Urine from the____ is collected by the ____ and then drained into the _____
renal pyramids; minor calyces; major calyces
What type of cells line the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
simple cuboidal epithelium
Urine flows from the renal papilla through the calyces into the renal pelvis and then directly into the ____
ureter
The renal corpuscle has two poles. Where the glomerular afferent and efferent arterioles are found is called the ___________ pole.
vascular