Chapter 25

Which of the choices below is a function of the nephron loop

form a large volume of very dilute urine or a small volume of very concentrated urine

The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is

glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure)

Excretion of dilute urine requires

impermeability of the collecting tubule to water

The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it ________.

is drained by an efferent arteriole

In the ascending limb of the nephron loop the

thick segment moves ions out into interstitial spaces for reabsorption

The macula densa cells respond to ________.

Changes in solute content of the filtrate

Having a kinked ureter is called renal ptosis.

False

If the GFR is to low needed substances may passed so quickly through the renal tubules That they are not absorbed in instead are lost in the urine

False

The collecting duct is in permeable to water in the presence of ADH

False

The myogenic mechanism reflects the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to stretch

False

The path you're in takes after it is formed until it leaves the body is the urethra urinary bladder and finally the ureter

False

The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct

False

The trigone is so named because of the shape of the urinary bladder

False

Urea is reabsorbed in the nephron loop

False

Kidney function decreases due to kidney atrophy. The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure

The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the

Nephron

The mechanism that establishes the Maduell Larry osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the

Nephron loop

Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its illumination from the body

Nephron, collecting duct, minor calyx, major calyx, ureter, urethra

If one says that the clearance value of glucose is zero what does this mean

Normally all the glucose is reabsorbed.

The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubule's is

Osmosis

The presence of purse in the urine is a condition called

Pyuria

Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption

True

Blood in the urine may be a symptom of bladder cancer

True

The area between the ureters and urethra is called the

Trigone

Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate.

True

Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle

A vasa recta

Which of the hormones below is responsible for facultative water reabsorption?

ADH

The ________ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney.

Arcuate

To macula densa cells are chemo receptors that respond to changes in the urea content of the filtrate

Boss

The renal corpuscle is made up of

Bowman's capsule and glomerulus

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin

By a decrease in the blood pressure

Which of the choices below is not a method by which the cells of the renal tubule's can rise blood pH

By secreting sodium ions

Which of the choices below is not a function of the urinary system?

Eliminates solid, undigested wastes and excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat

And excessive urine output is called anuria

False

Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress

False

Blood pressure in the renal glomerulus is lower than in most parts of the body in order to conserve body water

False

Both the male and female urethra serve the urinary in the reproductive systems

False

Fetal kidneys have the primary responsibility of clearing wastes from the fetal blood

False

Glomerular filtration is an ATP-driven process

False

What is the most direct function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Help regulate blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys

Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubule's is

Hormonally controlled in distal tubule segments

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a

Increase in the production of ADH

Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it ________.

Inhibits the release of ADH

Which of the following is not true regarding tubular reabsorption

It is a purely passive transport process.

Which of the following does not describe the justaglomerular complex

Its macula densa cells produce aldosterone.

Which of the following best describes kidney function in older adults

Kidney function decreases due to kidney atrophy.

Select the correct statement about urinary system development

Kidneys develop from urogenital ridges.

Which cells of the kidney or chemo receptors that respond to changes in solid content of the filtrate

Macula densa cells

And important characteristic of urine is it specific gravity or density which is

Slightly higher than water

Select the correct statement about the nephrons

The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium.

Which of the following acts as a trigger for the initiation of micturition

The stretching of the bladder wall

Select the correct statement about the ureters

The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract.

The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium

Transitional

In the absence of hormones the distal tubule in connecting ducks are relatively in permeable to water

True

In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the loop of Henle of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier) and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger). This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically.

True

Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition.

True

Obligatory water reabsorption involves the movement of water along in osmotic gradient

True

The act of emptying the bladder is called voiding

True

The entire responsibility for your information lies with the nephron

True

The position of the kidneys behind the paratonia lining of the abdominal cavity is described by the term retroperitoneal

True

The urethra contains an internal spincher of smooth muscle

True

Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH

True

Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is termed obligatory water reabsorption, whereas water reabsorption through the distal convoluted tubule is termed facultative water reabsorption.

True

Which of the choices below are the most important hormone regulators of electrolyte reabsorption and secretion

angiotensin II and aldosterone

If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml, the amino acid will ________.

appear in the urine

ADH activated water channels called ________ are essential for water reabsorption in the collecting duct.

aquaporins

The function of angiotensin II is to ________.

constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure

The descending limb of the nephron loop

contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla

Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule

creatinine

A disease caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the pituitary gland with symptoms of polyuria is ________.

diabetes insipidus

Which of the choices below is not a glomerular filtration rate control method

electrolyte levels

Which of the choices below is the salt level monitoring part of the nephron

macula densa

Which of the following is the least important influence on reabsorption of a substance in the nephron

molecular complexity

The ________ mechanism is the general tendency of vascular smooth muscle to contract when stretched.

myogenic

What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal?

net filtration would decrease

The need to get up in the middle of the night to urinate is called

nocturia

Sodium linked water flow across a membrane not under hormonal control is called ________ water reabsorption

obligatory

The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________.

plasma protein

Which of the following is not a part of juxtaglomerular complex

podocyte cells

Which of the following is the correct sequence of kidney development from embryo to fetus

pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros

The filtration membrane includes all except

renal fascia

Which of the choices below is the least important role of tubular secretion

ridding the body of bicarbonate ions

Reabsorption of high levels of glucose and amino acids in the filtrate is accomplished by

secondary active transport

The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it

stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position