Chapter 25
Which of the choices below is a function of the nephron loop
form a large volume of very dilute urine or a small volume of very concentrated urine
The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is
glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure)
Excretion of dilute urine requires
impermeability of the collecting tubule to water
The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it ________.
is drained by an efferent arteriole
In the ascending limb of the nephron loop the
thick segment moves ions out into interstitial spaces for reabsorption
The macula densa cells respond to ________.
Changes in solute content of the filtrate
Having a kinked ureter is called renal ptosis.
False
If the GFR is to low needed substances may passed so quickly through the renal tubules That they are not absorbed in instead are lost in the urine
False
The collecting duct is in permeable to water in the presence of ADH
False
The myogenic mechanism reflects the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to stretch
False
The path you're in takes after it is formed until it leaves the body is the urethra urinary bladder and finally the ureter
False
The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct
False
The trigone is so named because of the shape of the urinary bladder
False
Urea is reabsorbed in the nephron loop
False
Kidney function decreases due to kidney atrophy. The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the
Nephron
The mechanism that establishes the Maduell Larry osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the
Nephron loop
Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its illumination from the body
Nephron, collecting duct, minor calyx, major calyx, ureter, urethra
If one says that the clearance value of glucose is zero what does this mean
Normally all the glucose is reabsorbed.
The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubule's is
Osmosis
The presence of purse in the urine is a condition called
Pyuria
Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption
True
Blood in the urine may be a symptom of bladder cancer
True
The area between the ureters and urethra is called the
Trigone
Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate.
True
Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle
A vasa recta
Which of the hormones below is responsible for facultative water reabsorption?
ADH
The ________ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney.
Arcuate
To macula densa cells are chemo receptors that respond to changes in the urea content of the filtrate
Boss
The renal corpuscle is made up of
Bowman's capsule and glomerulus
The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin
By a decrease in the blood pressure
Which of the choices below is not a method by which the cells of the renal tubule's can rise blood pH
By secreting sodium ions
Which of the choices below is not a function of the urinary system?
Eliminates solid, undigested wastes and excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat
And excessive urine output is called anuria
False
Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress
False
Blood pressure in the renal glomerulus is lower than in most parts of the body in order to conserve body water
False
Both the male and female urethra serve the urinary in the reproductive systems
False
Fetal kidneys have the primary responsibility of clearing wastes from the fetal blood
False
Glomerular filtration is an ATP-driven process
False
What is the most direct function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
Help regulate blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys
Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubule's is
Hormonally controlled in distal tubule segments
An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a
Increase in the production of ADH
Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it ________.
Inhibits the release of ADH
Which of the following is not true regarding tubular reabsorption
It is a purely passive transport process.
Which of the following does not describe the justaglomerular complex
Its macula densa cells produce aldosterone.
Which of the following best describes kidney function in older adults
Kidney function decreases due to kidney atrophy.
Select the correct statement about urinary system development
Kidneys develop from urogenital ridges.
Which cells of the kidney or chemo receptors that respond to changes in solid content of the filtrate
Macula densa cells
And important characteristic of urine is it specific gravity or density which is
Slightly higher than water
Select the correct statement about the nephrons
The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium.
Which of the following acts as a trigger for the initiation of micturition
The stretching of the bladder wall
Select the correct statement about the ureters
The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract.
The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium
Transitional
In the absence of hormones the distal tubule in connecting ducks are relatively in permeable to water
True
In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the loop of Henle of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier) and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger). This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically.
True
Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition.
True
Obligatory water reabsorption involves the movement of water along in osmotic gradient
True
The act of emptying the bladder is called voiding
True
The entire responsibility for your information lies with the nephron
True
The position of the kidneys behind the paratonia lining of the abdominal cavity is described by the term retroperitoneal
True
The urethra contains an internal spincher of smooth muscle
True
Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH
True
Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is termed obligatory water reabsorption, whereas water reabsorption through the distal convoluted tubule is termed facultative water reabsorption.
True
Which of the choices below are the most important hormone regulators of electrolyte reabsorption and secretion
angiotensin II and aldosterone
If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 mg/100 ml, the amino acid will ________.
appear in the urine
ADH activated water channels called ________ are essential for water reabsorption in the collecting duct.
aquaporins
The function of angiotensin II is to ________.
constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure
The descending limb of the nephron loop
contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla
Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule
creatinine
A disease caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the pituitary gland with symptoms of polyuria is ________.
diabetes insipidus
Which of the choices below is not a glomerular filtration rate control method
electrolyte levels
Which of the choices below is the salt level monitoring part of the nephron
macula densa
Which of the following is the least important influence on reabsorption of a substance in the nephron
molecular complexity
The ________ mechanism is the general tendency of vascular smooth muscle to contract when stretched.
myogenic
What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal?
net filtration would decrease
The need to get up in the middle of the night to urinate is called
nocturia
Sodium linked water flow across a membrane not under hormonal control is called ________ water reabsorption
obligatory
The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________.
plasma protein
Which of the following is not a part of juxtaglomerular complex
podocyte cells
Which of the following is the correct sequence of kidney development from embryo to fetus
pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros
The filtration membrane includes all except
renal fascia
Which of the choices below is the least important role of tubular secretion
ridding the body of bicarbonate ions
Reabsorption of high levels of glucose and amino acids in the filtrate is accomplished by
secondary active transport
The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it
stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position