SOCI Final
what percentage of the US population lives in an urban area
81 percent
Crime against property accounts for what share of all serious offenses
86 percent
According to Immanuel Wallerstein, the world economy not only exploits poor nations, but it also places them in what position in respect to
a position of dependency
Worldwide, what shre of global population increase is taking place in the low-income nations of the Southern Hemisphere
almost all
social conflict analysis of education claims that within any single school tracking mandates that the best the school has to offer goes to those students who
already have a lot going for them, that is, those from more privileged backgrounds
alcoholism is defined as
an addiction to alcohol
Which of the following would constitute a 'hate crime'?
an assault motivated by antigay feelings on a person believed by the offender to be gay
jacob riis was
an early photojournalist who raised awareness of urban problems.
assume a member of Canon Corporations board of directors also serves on the boards of other camera manufacturers such as Nikon and Fuji. this pattern would illustrate the operation of
an interlocking directorate
which type of depressants dull pain
analgesics
Malthus predicted that food production would increase ______
arithemetically
the official profile of the typical 'street criminal' is based on
arrest data from the FBI
which type of political system by definition denies popular participation in govt
authoritarianism
the poverty rate is highest in which of the following areas of the country
central cities
the concept of 'media' refers to
channels of communication
which type of schools provides freedom to try out new policies and programs
charter schools
in the US which of the following is by far the single greatest preventable cause of death
cigarette smoking
the sharing of a household by an unmarried couple is referred to as
cohabitation
Which term refers to the process by which some nations enrich themselves through the direct political and economic control of other natoins
colonialism
Illegal actions by a business or others acting on its behalf are called
corporate crime
illegal actions by a business or others acting on its behalf are called
corporate crime
which term refers to the expansion of economic activity around the world with little regard for national borders
globalization
the formal institution that directs the political life of society is
govt
New York Public School 261, described by Jonathan Kozol as overcrowded, with inadequate heat and air conditioning, and no playground, stands out as
having a large minority student population
following social conflict analysis of education the fact that our school system socializes all students to be obedient citizens who are respectful of authority is one example of schoolings
hidden curriculum
During Stage 1 (preindustrial, agrarian societies) of the demographic transition, birth rates are ______and death rates are______
high/high
which organizations seek to improve wages and working conditions through various strategies including collective bargaining and strikes
labor unions
Which of the following is the most common of all serious crimes tracked by the FBI
larceny-theft
Norms that are formally created through a society's political system are referred to as
laws
Demographic transition theory links demographic changes to a society's ______
level of technological development
If you believe that a solution to the problem of guns and violence is enacting laws that make guns harder to get you are probably
liberal
elizabeth believes that cities suffer from the effects of social inequality requiring reform efforts led by our govt her political viewpoint would be described as
liberal
from which political view would someone claim that it is far less costly to pay for good schools today than to pay the costs of dealing with problems in the future that result from poor schools
liberal
if you claim that people especially the disadvantaged look to the govt to meet their needs you are speaking as a
liberal
which political position calls for reforms based on the claim that our political and economic systems benefit some more than others
liberal
Which of the following concepts refers to the average life span of a country's population
life expectancy
survey research suggests that couples who make the greatest use of social media are
likely to have the highest levels of relational conflict
Which early U.S. sociologist defined the city as a settlement with a large, dense, socially diverse population?
louis wirth
which early US sociologist defined the city as a settlement with a large dense socially diverse population
louis wirth
on the scholastic assessment test (SAT) for all racial and ethnic categories of people a higher rate of poverty is linked to
lower performance on the test
the structural functional approach and the social conflict approach both represent which type of analysis of the family
macro level
which policy directs schools to integrate students with special needs into the overall educational program
mainstreaming
chris teaches at a university and holds the rank of full professor with tenure. based on the statistical likelihood, chris is probably
male
One documented trend that is a sign of family change is that
many more gay and lesbian couples across the country are being joined by marriage
Families are built around a lawful relationship, usually involving economic cooperation, sexual activity, and childbearing. What is this relationship called?
marriage
feminist theory make the claim that
mass media and social media support the domination of males over females
the killing of seventeen people at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in 2018 is an example of
mass murder
in 2004 which state became the first to recognize lawful same sex marriage
massachusetts
Labels such as "gifted," "average," or "deficient" that are placed on students by schools
may reflect their schoolwork but also reflects students social background
about what share of todays marriages will end in divorce separation or dissolution within twenty years
half
in recent decades high rise public housing
has fallen out of favor, with some projects even being torn down.
Dr. Nafis Sadik representing the UN's efforts at population control, explains 'Give a woman more choices about how to live and she will ______"
have fewer children
the application of social conflict theory to cities focuses on
how the economy and politics shape the city and urban life
in general people using social media present ______ images of themselves
idealized
Suppose that a police SWAT team kills members of a terrorist group who are holding innocent citizens hostage. These police actions illustrate which type of violence
institutional
which term refers to bias built into the operation of the economy, education and other social institutions
institutional discrimination
which term refers to networks of people who serve as directors of several corporations at the same time
interlocking directorate
a basic principle of the structural functional approach is that social institutions are
interrelated
Including people working in temporary jobs and part-timers, about what percentage of the U.S. labor force works without at least some of the benefits most full-time workers count on, including retirement plans, sick leave, health insurance, and job security?
19 percent
By which year had every state enacted a law requiring children to attend school?
1918
in the US the industrial metropolis reached its peak population by the end of the
1950s
Our society began to define elder abuse as a social problem in the ______
1980s
use of the term world wide web and the creation of the first social networking site both took place during the
1990s
By 2030 according to projections people over age sixty-five will represent what percentage of the US population
20 percent
about what share of US workers spend at least some of a typical workday working at home
22 percent
in 2015 about what share of families with children under age eighteen had just one parent in the household
27 percent
High-income nations are home to roughly what percentage of Earth's population
28 percent
in the poorest countries of the world what share of the population lives in urban areas
31 percent
about what percentage of college students engaged in binge drinking at least once in the past month
32 percent
about how many teaching job vacancies are there each year in the US
325,000
in 2017 what percentage of the US adult population never married
33 percent
in the US what percentage of the population age twenty five and older has a 4 year college degree or university degree
33 percent
when the US declared independence in 1776 what percentage of the population lived in cities
5 percent
For the world as a whole, about what share of men and women use the internet?
51 percent of men and 45 percent of women
what percentage of undergraduates enrolled in US colleges are women
58 percent
about what percentage of eligible voters actually voted in the 2016 presidential election
59 percent
currently there are how many political action committees in the US
6,900
In 2017, survey research indicated that what percentage of U.S. adults supported the legalization of marijuana?
64
In 2017 the human population of the planet was about ______
7.5 billion
Among full-time workers, women earn 81 percent as much as men. Among people who are approaching retirement age (ages forty-five to sixty-four) women earn _________ percent as much as men in the same age category
73
Of the 194 nations in the world, how many are considered high-income nations
79
overall what percentage of hispanic students in the US attends a school with a nonwhite student majority
80 percent
research shows that about what share of US teens claim that using social media makes them feel better connected to their friends
80 percent
What percentage of the 75,000 centenarians in the US (people age 100 years or older) are women
81 percent
in the US about what percentage of the gross domestic product comes from the privately owned sector of the economy
83 percent
about what percentage of US adults are now completing high school
89 percent
in the US police record about how many serious crimes each year
9 million
the US military supported the development of the internet because
military leaders feared war would destroy city-based mass media
As he prepared to leave office in 1961, President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave a farewell address in which he warned the country of the growing power of what he called the
military-industrial complex
Which term refers to the incidence of death in a country's population
mortality
the term metropolis is derived from the Greek meaning
mother city
Subtracting a nation's crude death rate from its crude birth rate yields which of the following measures
natural growth rate
which of the following drugs is not an opiate
nicotine
Which of the following concepts refers to rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members
norms
which term refers to one or two parents and their children
nuclear family
According to a recent survey what proportion of the US adult population reports being afraid to walk alone at night in their own communinites
one-third
which term refers to a type a social solidarity based on specialization and mutual interdependence
organic solidarity
in 1920 the eighteenth amendment to the US constitution
outlawed the manufacture and sale of alcohol across the country
by the 1950s half of all US households
owned at least one television
a major reason that schooling is limited in poor societies of the world is that
parents need their children to work to provide food and income
which of the following serious crimes is both a property crime and a violent crime
robbery
If you were a conservative, you would most likely see the solution to global poverty in terms of the productive power of _______
the market
The fact that the death of a spouse is a very difficult experience helps explain why _______
the surviving partner is at high risk of death, sometimes by suicide
in western european nations including italy france and sweden which political and economic system is commonly found
welfare capitalism
in terms of absolute numbers most arrests for serious crimes involve offenders who are
white
in the US most people who receive public assistance are
white
Embezzlement is an example of which type of crime
white collar crime
During the 1960s, many white families moved from the central cities to the suburbs, thereby escaping required school busing programs. This movement out of the city was commonly called
white flight
liberals and radicals on the left argue that low turnout reflects
widespread alienation from politics on the part of people who are dissatisfied but doubt that voting will make a difference
beginning in the nineteenth century doctors considered people addicted if they suffered physical symptoms when they stopped using particular drugs. the physical symptoms are referred to as
withdrawal
companies including facebook uber and apple all display a pattern that many consider to be a serious problem. which statement describes the problem
women are underrepresented among employees of these companies
in the 2016 presidential election
women were slightly more likely than men to vote
among which of the following categories of the US population is there little or no racial difference in internet use
young people
Which term refers to the level of reproduction that maintains population at a steady rate
zero population growth
which policy requires school officials to severely punish or expel any student who brings a weapon, alcohol, or some other drug to school
zero-tolerance policy
a majority of college and university teachers are now
part timers or graduate assistants
Amphetamines were first developed for the medical treatment of
personality disorders and obesity
Most blended families manage to cope with the challenges, but research shows that blended families carry an increased risk of
physical and sexual abuse of children
in 1986 what decision by US supreme court affirmed the principle of racial segregation if the facilities for blacks and whites were separate but equal
plessy v ferguson
which term refers to organizations formed by special-interest groups to raise and spend money in support of political goals
political action committees (PACs)
the biggest problem facing single-parent families especially when that parent is a woman is
poverty
if you have an occupation that provides good pay and extensive benefits you have work in the
primary labor market
For which of the following offenses do police arrest mostly women
prostitution
What policy created high-density apartment buildings to house the poor?
public housing
you probably approve of the operation of Walmart if you support
pure capitalism
Over the course of the twentieth century, global population_______
quadrupled
The term "dropping out" refers to
quitting school before earning a high school diploma
according to which political point of view are cities in crisis due to our society giving free rein to market forces
radical left
according to which political point of view should society develop collective arrangements for performing housework and child care
radical left
according to which political position does the capitalist economy concentrate wealth in the hands of the few and the govt serve the interests of the capitalistic elite
radical left
if you claim that basic change is needed to our economic system in order to solve our current problems from which point of view are you speaking
radical left
President Franklin D. Roosevelt gained public support with his 'fireside chats' that made use of the
radio
the defining characteristic of 'mass media' is media outlets that
reach a very large audience
research shows that children raised by same sex parents
receive the same supportive and effective parenting as those raised in other families
the Fair Sentencing Act passed in 2010 was enacted to
reduce the disparity in sentencing for crack possession versus cocaine possession
In a study of a declining neighborhood along the coast of Southern California, Barbara Myerhoff found that above all elderly residents wanted to ______
remain independent
In 1987 Congress passed legislation that
required employers to phase out mandatory retirement policies
in 1914 US congress passed the Harrison Act which
restricted the sale of heroin and cocaine
the industrial revolution pushed workers into which sector of the economy
secondary sector
in the tertiary sector of the economy most people in the labor force do what type of work
service work
In India, Thailand, and some African nations, families marry off women against their will, with many ending up as slaves performing work for their husband's family or forced into prostitution. This practice falls into which of the following categories?
servile forms of marriage
social media and mass media have a number of functions for society as a whole. which of the following is included in the chapter as one of these functions
serving as a agent of socialization
symbolic-interaction theory explains how the mass media and social media
shape the reality we experience
According to the liberal view regarding caring for elders, individuals and families
should be involved but should not have to solve these problems by themselves
worldwide the share of people access the internet is
smaller in lower income regions of the world
friedrich engels developed an early theory of family life making the claim that men gained control of women's sexuality as a means to protect their own wealth this claim is the foundation for which type of theoretical analysis
social conflict analysis
Which theoretical analysis highlights age stratification pointing out ways that society limits older people's opportunities and resources
social-conflict perspective
which type of economic system places natural resources and the means of producing goods and services under collective ownership
socialism
Sociologists argue that what we experience as stages of life are ______
socially constructed
researchers studying political bias in media outlets conclude that
some media sources to varying degrees lean left and others lean right
A school that provides students with learning disabilities with separate classes taught by specially trained teachers is following a policy of
special education
As the U.S. economy moved from farming to industry, the responsibility for teaching the young moved from parents to
specially trained teachers
which type of economic system has the govt working closely with large privately owned companies
state capitalism
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit disorder are typically treated with which type of drug
stimulants
Emile Durkheim reasoned that crime is quite normal and performs important functions for the operation of society. This assessments fits which theoretical approach
structural-functional
research shows that the quality of the school matters to student performance but what matters even more
student's home environment
after WWII the search for new housing economic prosperity and the greater physical mobility brought on by cars combined to push more and more people outward from the central cities into
suburbs
which of the following terms refers to a program that combines low-income housing with on-site social services
supportive housing
which terms refers to an arrangement in which one woman carries and bears a child for another usually in exchange for money
surrogate motherhood
which of the following is a micro level analysis of the family
symbolic interaction analysis
which theoretical analysis views the family less as an institution and more in terms of ongoing relationships among individuals
symbolic interaction analysis
which theoretical approach highlights the meaning that people attach to the jobs they hold and the work they perform
symbolic interaction approach
Activity theory is an application of which theoretical approach
symbolic-interaction approach
Since 1979, women have outnumbered men in U.S. colleges and universities. Despite this remarkable change, women still
tend to concentrate in many traditionally feminine majors
in 1900 more than one third New Yorkers lived in small apartments with few or no windows and shared bathrooms. these apartments were called
tenements
A sharp increase in global population began about the time of _____
the Industrial Revolution
Our society's use of due process involving police, courts, and punishments to enforce the law is called
the criminal justice system
because African Americans and the poor are more likely to use crack while white people are more likely to use cocaine critics claim that stronger sentences for crack than cocaine reflect not the drug but
the drug users
the social institution that organizes the production distribution and soncumption of goods and services is
the economy
Which of the following terms refers to the socially constructed stages people pass through as they live out their lives
the life course
the insight of Marshall McLuhan can be summed up as which of the following statements
the medium is the message
which political model describes power in the US as widely distributed among various groups and organizations
the pluralist model
which of the following is not one of the three sectors of the economy
global trade
which concept refers to the domination of a market by a few companies
oligopoly
Compared to 1960, today we find school segregation is
about the same now as it was then
which term refers to the study of human population
demography
a drug is any chemical substance other than food or water that
affects the mind or body
Marxist theory sees crime as a product of
social inequality
which of the following types of work poses the highest risk of death on the job
agriculture
Doug Downey and his colleagues discovered that U.S. children spend what percentage of their waking hours in school?
13 percent
On average US men and women over sixty-five spend what percentage of their household budget on health care
15 percent
although the govt claims that only a tiny percentage of US population is illiterate, research suggests the nation's level of functional illiteracy is about what percentage of the adult population
17 percent
The most recent statistics for 2016 show that about how many murders were recorded annually by police
17,250
african american men were granted the right to vote in
1870
although there is no precise tally of homeless people, most estimates suggest that about how many people in the US are homeless for some period of time during any given year
1.5 million
in 2017 the average number of children born to the typical US woman over her lifetime was about
1.9
the dropout rate for young people from families with annual incomes over $100,000 is less than 3 percent; for those from families with incomes below $30,000 the dropout rate is
10 percent
According to the most recent statistics police cleared about what percentage of all reported motor vehicle thefts
13 percent
Child abuse was defined as a social problem
About 1960, largely based on the activism of Dr. C. Henry Kempe
Most of the low-income nations of the world are located in _______
Africa or Asia
the presence of so much violence in the mass media
May have the effect of desensitizing us to all violence
in 2016 seven of the ten largest cities in terms of population were in the south and west-a region often called the
Sunbelt
the extent of school violence is higher in
Urban and suburban schools with large enrollments
Flying south from Boston on a clear night and looking down on an unbroken carpet of lights, showing settlements all the way to Virginia, would reveal the existence of
a megalopolis
in which European city did an experiment in removing criminal penalties for use of drugs including heroin turn out badly
Zurich
scott and connie are married and have a six month old son. also in the home are soctts son form a previous marriage and connies daughter from a previous marriage. this household can be correctly described as
a blended family
sammuel, jake, and jake's two children share an apartment. they consider themselves a family. sociologists might call their relationship
a family of affinity
in 1965 senator daniel patrick moynihan said the african american family was in crisis because of
a growing number of absent fathers who leave single mothers to raise children on their own
From the liberal view crime and violence are caused by
a harmful societal environment such as poverty
As conservatives see it _____
a healthy society is built on strong families in which people care for one another
william julius wilson claims that the major cause of poverty among african american families is
a lack of available jobs
which of the following statements illustrates the concept of 'media consolidation'
a larger share of media outlets is owned by a small number of large coporations
In Japan a very low birth rate has resulted in
a rapid increase in the share of Japan's population over age sixty-five
one reason for the low wage recovery that this nation has experienced in recent years is
a smaller share of todays jobs provide enough in pay and benefits to support a family
which of the following statements about age and internet use in the US is correct
about 99 percent of young adults use the internet as do about 60 percent of adults who have reached the age of sixty five
in 1954 which decision by US supreme court ruled that racially segregated schools violated the constitution striking down the separate but equal standard that dated back to 1896
brown vs board of education of topeka
in 1998 californians paassed proposition 227 which
banned bilingual programs in favor of the english immersion approach
Radicals on the left argue that problems in our schools arise from
basic flaws in the economic and political structure of society
read the four statements that follow. which statement is not correct
bilingual education encourages people to see some cultural traditions as better than others
which of the following terms refers to having at least five drinks in a row for men or four drinks for women at least once in the past two weeks
binge drinking
the most widely used drug in the US is almost certainly
caffeine
church sponsored parochial schools in the US were most popular among
californians
according to symbolic interaction analysis tracking and other forms of labeling in education
can create a self fulfilling prophecy
If you were studying informal and unpaid care provided to a dependent person by family members other relatives or friends which of the following topics
caregiving
Moving police officers from automobiles to bicycles and foot patrol is part of a policy called
community policing
which term refers to a giant corporation composed of many smaller corporations
conglomerate
from which point of view would someone see the rise in cohabitation as spelling trouble for US society
conservative
which political point of view argues that the main problem of public education is that govt controls most schools, so public schools do not have to compete for students
conservative
which political point of view claims that conventional families are breaking down: divorce, single parenting, and living together without marriage are symptoms of a me first culture that weakens society and places children at risk
conservative
which political point of view considers family values to mean getting and staying married with parents displaying strong commitment to children
conservative
which of the following categories of people face legal barriers to voting
convicted felons
under no fault divorce laws
couples declare that their marriage is over due to irreconcilable differences
Which of the following terms refers to the violation of the criminal laws enacted by federal, state, or local governments
crime
Which of following concepts defines people's responsibilities to uphold public order
criminal law
Which of the following terms refers to subsequent offenses committed by people previously convicted of crimes
criminal recidivism
According to the liberal view government programs (such as social security) are _____
crucial to meeting the needs of the elder population
sociologists use which term to refer to cases of scientific discoveries that occur faster than our ideas develop about the acceptable ways to use them
cultural lag
Sexual assault in which offender and victim have some personal relationship is called
date rape
the postindustrial economy which emerged during the final decades of the twentieth century and was marked by service work and computer technology had the effect of
decentralizing population away from central cities
which term refers to the decline of industrial production that occurred in the US after about 1950
deindustrialization
which category of drugs slows the operation of the central nervous system
depressants
which of these questions has little to do with whether violence is likely to be defined as a social problem
does the violence cause physical harm to any person
Tara lives in the Dallas suburbs and commutes downtown to work every day. Like the typical suburbanite living near a major metropolitan area, Tara spends at least thirty minutes
driving to work
Bill agrees with the statement that in a historical perspective, urban life has improved. As a conservative, he believes this improvement is due to
economic forces
the movement of businesses from the central city to centers some distance from the old downtowns has created
edge cities
programs such as DARE are examples of which general policy
education
which of the following terms refers to the social institution by which society transmits knowledge to its members
education
who distinguished between mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity when he tried to explain rural living giving way to life in the industrial metropolis
emile durkheim
What policy mandates teaching non-English speakers in English?
english immersion
which term refers to parents and children plus grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins who often live close to one another and operate as a family unit
extended family
The most common source of support and companionship for elderly people is _______
family members
which term refers to a more serious crime punishable by at least one year in prison
felony
which theoretical analysis views families in terms of patterns of gender inequality
feminist analysis
which of the following sociologists developed the theory of Gemeinschaft and Gelleschaft
ferdinand tonnies
About 30 million men and women in the United States do not read, write, or do basic arithmetic well enough to carry out daily responsibilities. This situation is the problem of
functional illiteracy
Which German sociologist explained that people living in cities experience intense stimulation and often respond by "tuning out" some of the world around them?
georg simmel
Which of the following concepts refers to a branch of the social sciences dealing with aging and the elderly
gerontology
Living in large industrial cities, people interact on the basis of self interest. This type of social organization reflects what Tönnies referred to as
gesellschaft
during the postindustrial revival that began in the 1980s the number of service sector jobs increased in cities including New York. A second factor that helped cities recover was
increased immigration from Latin America and Asia
the most recent technological change to the US economy was the
information revolution
Compared to the rate of population increase for the world as a whole, the rate of population increase for the world's urban areas
is increasing twice as fast
new reproductive technology including in vitro fertilization
is very expensive and thus out of reach for many people
telecommunting has what major disadvantages for workers
it blurs the line between home and work
which of the following people is least likely to have voted in the 2016 presidential election
juan, a twenty year old high school dropout form Corpus Christi Texas
According to official statistics describing murder
offenders and victims are generally of the same race
in the US people most likely to vote include
older people
the structural-functional approach calls attention to
the ways in which drugs can be helpful and harmful to the orderly operation of society
in a socialist economy
there is a collective orientation, teaching people to be motivated by serving the common good.
as of 2016 how many countries including the US have enacted lawful same sex marriage in name as well as in practice
thirty nine
according to the liberal point of view the main cause of school problems is
too little funding for public schools and too much inequality of funding among schools
the first US president to make extensive use of social media was
trump
william julius wilson has observed that in the Washington Park area of Chicago during the early 1950s most African American adults were working and supporting their families by the 1990s he reports what share of these residents was unemployed
two-thirds
in 1949 in response to the decline of many central-city neighborhoods the federal govt passed the urban housing act which created the policy of
urban renewal
if you were to study the decentralization of the urban population leading to rapid, unplanned, and low-density development at the edge of expanding urban areas you would be investigating
urban sprawl
From the conservative view the most effective social control in reference to crime is
values that produce a strong individual conscience
from the conservative view the most effective social control in reference to crime is
values that produce a strong individual conscience
