SOCI Final

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what percentage of the US population lives in an urban area

81 percent

Crime against property accounts for what share of all serious offenses

86 percent

According to Immanuel Wallerstein, the world economy not only exploits poor nations, but it also places them in what position in respect to

a position of dependency

Worldwide, what shre of global population increase is taking place in the low-income nations of the Southern Hemisphere

almost all

social conflict analysis of education claims that within any single school tracking mandates that the best the school has to offer goes to those students who

already have a lot going for them, that is, those from more privileged backgrounds

alcoholism is defined as

an addiction to alcohol

Which of the following would constitute a 'hate crime'?

an assault motivated by antigay feelings on a person believed by the offender to be gay

jacob riis was

an early photojournalist who raised awareness of urban problems.

assume a member of Canon Corporations board of directors also serves on the boards of other camera manufacturers such as Nikon and Fuji. this pattern would illustrate the operation of

an interlocking directorate

which type of depressants dull pain

analgesics

Malthus predicted that food production would increase ______

arithemetically

the official profile of the typical 'street criminal' is based on

arrest data from the FBI

which type of political system by definition denies popular participation in govt

authoritarianism

the poverty rate is highest in which of the following areas of the country

central cities

the concept of 'media' refers to

channels of communication

which type of schools provides freedom to try out new policies and programs

charter schools

in the US which of the following is by far the single greatest preventable cause of death

cigarette smoking

the sharing of a household by an unmarried couple is referred to as

cohabitation

Which term refers to the process by which some nations enrich themselves through the direct political and economic control of other natoins

colonialism

Illegal actions by a business or others acting on its behalf are called

corporate crime

illegal actions by a business or others acting on its behalf are called

corporate crime

which term refers to the expansion of economic activity around the world with little regard for national borders

globalization

the formal institution that directs the political life of society is

govt

New York Public School 261, described by Jonathan Kozol as overcrowded, with inadequate heat and air conditioning, and no playground, stands out as

having a large minority student population

following social conflict analysis of education the fact that our school system socializes all students to be obedient citizens who are respectful of authority is one example of schoolings

hidden curriculum

During Stage 1 (preindustrial, agrarian societies) of the demographic transition, birth rates are ______and death rates are______

high/high

which organizations seek to improve wages and working conditions through various strategies including collective bargaining and strikes

labor unions

Which of the following is the most common of all serious crimes tracked by the FBI

larceny-theft

Norms that are formally created through a society's political system are referred to as

laws

Demographic transition theory links demographic changes to a society's ______

level of technological development

If you believe that a solution to the problem of guns and violence is enacting laws that make guns harder to get you are probably

liberal

elizabeth believes that cities suffer from the effects of social inequality requiring reform efforts led by our govt her political viewpoint would be described as

liberal

from which political view would someone claim that it is far less costly to pay for good schools today than to pay the costs of dealing with problems in the future that result from poor schools

liberal

if you claim that people especially the disadvantaged look to the govt to meet their needs you are speaking as a

liberal

which political position calls for reforms based on the claim that our political and economic systems benefit some more than others

liberal

Which of the following concepts refers to the average life span of a country's population

life expectancy

survey research suggests that couples who make the greatest use of social media are

likely to have the highest levels of relational conflict

Which early U.S. sociologist defined the city as a settlement with a large, dense, socially diverse population?

louis wirth

which early US sociologist defined the city as a settlement with a large dense socially diverse population

louis wirth

on the scholastic assessment test (SAT) for all racial and ethnic categories of people a higher rate of poverty is linked to

lower performance on the test

the structural functional approach and the social conflict approach both represent which type of analysis of the family

macro level

which policy directs schools to integrate students with special needs into the overall educational program

mainstreaming

chris teaches at a university and holds the rank of full professor with tenure. based on the statistical likelihood, chris is probably

male

One documented trend that is a sign of family change is that

many more gay and lesbian couples across the country are being joined by marriage

Families are built around a lawful relationship, usually involving economic cooperation, sexual activity, and childbearing. What is this relationship called?

marriage

feminist theory make the claim that

mass media and social media support the domination of males over females

the killing of seventeen people at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in 2018 is an example of

mass murder

in 2004 which state became the first to recognize lawful same sex marriage

massachusetts

Labels such as "gifted," "average," or "deficient" that are placed on students by schools

may reflect their schoolwork but also reflects students social background

about what share of todays marriages will end in divorce separation or dissolution within twenty years

half

in recent decades high rise public housing

has fallen out of favor, with some projects even being torn down.

Dr. Nafis Sadik representing the UN's efforts at population control, explains 'Give a woman more choices about how to live and she will ______"

have fewer children

the application of social conflict theory to cities focuses on

how the economy and politics shape the city and urban life

in general people using social media present ______ images of themselves

idealized

Suppose that a police SWAT team kills members of a terrorist group who are holding innocent citizens hostage. These police actions illustrate which type of violence

institutional

which term refers to bias built into the operation of the economy, education and other social institutions

institutional discrimination

which term refers to networks of people who serve as directors of several corporations at the same time

interlocking directorate

a basic principle of the structural functional approach is that social institutions are

interrelated

Including people working in temporary jobs and part-timers, about what percentage of the U.S. labor force works without at least some of the benefits most full-time workers count on, including retirement plans, sick leave, health insurance, and job security?

19 percent

By which year had every state enacted a law requiring children to attend school?

1918

in the US the industrial metropolis reached its peak population by the end of the

1950s

Our society began to define elder abuse as a social problem in the ______

1980s

use of the term world wide web and the creation of the first social networking site both took place during the

1990s

By 2030 according to projections people over age sixty-five will represent what percentage of the US population

20 percent

about what share of US workers spend at least some of a typical workday working at home

22 percent

in 2015 about what share of families with children under age eighteen had just one parent in the household

27 percent

High-income nations are home to roughly what percentage of Earth's population

28 percent

in the poorest countries of the world what share of the population lives in urban areas

31 percent

about what percentage of college students engaged in binge drinking at least once in the past month

32 percent

about how many teaching job vacancies are there each year in the US

325,000

in 2017 what percentage of the US adult population never married

33 percent

in the US what percentage of the population age twenty five and older has a 4 year college degree or university degree

33 percent

when the US declared independence in 1776 what percentage of the population lived in cities

5 percent

For the world as a whole, about what share of men and women use the internet?

51 percent of men and 45 percent of women

what percentage of undergraduates enrolled in US colleges are women

58 percent

about what percentage of eligible voters actually voted in the 2016 presidential election

59 percent

currently there are how many political action committees in the US

6,900

In 2017, survey research indicated that what percentage of U.S. adults supported the legalization of marijuana?

64

In 2017 the human population of the planet was about ______

7.5 billion

Among full-time workers, women earn 81 percent as much as men. Among people who are approaching retirement age (ages forty-five to sixty-four) women earn _________ percent as much as men in the same age category

73

Of the 194 nations in the world, how many are considered high-income nations

79

overall what percentage of hispanic students in the US attends a school with a nonwhite student majority

80 percent

research shows that about what share of US teens claim that using social media makes them feel better connected to their friends

80 percent

What percentage of the 75,000 centenarians in the US (people age 100 years or older) are women

81 percent

in the US about what percentage of the gross domestic product comes from the privately owned sector of the economy

83 percent

about what percentage of US adults are now completing high school

89 percent

in the US police record about how many serious crimes each year

9 million

the US military supported the development of the internet because

military leaders feared war would destroy city-based mass media

As he prepared to leave office in 1961, President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave a farewell address in which he warned the country of the growing power of what he called the

military-industrial complex

Which term refers to the incidence of death in a country's population

mortality

the term metropolis is derived from the Greek meaning

mother city

Subtracting a nation's crude death rate from its crude birth rate yields which of the following measures

natural growth rate

which of the following drugs is not an opiate

nicotine

Which of the following concepts refers to rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members

norms

which term refers to one or two parents and their children

nuclear family

According to a recent survey what proportion of the US adult population reports being afraid to walk alone at night in their own communinites

one-third

which term refers to a type a social solidarity based on specialization and mutual interdependence

organic solidarity

in 1920 the eighteenth amendment to the US constitution

outlawed the manufacture and sale of alcohol across the country

by the 1950s half of all US households

owned at least one television

a major reason that schooling is limited in poor societies of the world is that

parents need their children to work to provide food and income

which of the following serious crimes is both a property crime and a violent crime

robbery

If you were a conservative, you would most likely see the solution to global poverty in terms of the productive power of _______

the market

The fact that the death of a spouse is a very difficult experience helps explain why _______

the surviving partner is at high risk of death, sometimes by suicide

in western european nations including italy france and sweden which political and economic system is commonly found

welfare capitalism

in terms of absolute numbers most arrests for serious crimes involve offenders who are

white

in the US most people who receive public assistance are

white

Embezzlement is an example of which type of crime

white collar crime

During the 1960s, many white families moved from the central cities to the suburbs, thereby escaping required school busing programs. This movement out of the city was commonly called

white flight

liberals and radicals on the left argue that low turnout reflects

widespread alienation from politics on the part of people who are dissatisfied but doubt that voting will make a difference

beginning in the nineteenth century doctors considered people addicted if they suffered physical symptoms when they stopped using particular drugs. the physical symptoms are referred to as

withdrawal

companies including facebook uber and apple all display a pattern that many consider to be a serious problem. which statement describes the problem

women are underrepresented among employees of these companies

in the 2016 presidential election

women were slightly more likely than men to vote

among which of the following categories of the US population is there little or no racial difference in internet use

young people

Which term refers to the level of reproduction that maintains population at a steady rate

zero population growth

which policy requires school officials to severely punish or expel any student who brings a weapon, alcohol, or some other drug to school

zero-tolerance policy

a majority of college and university teachers are now

part timers or graduate assistants

Amphetamines were first developed for the medical treatment of

personality disorders and obesity

Most blended families manage to cope with the challenges, but research shows that blended families carry an increased risk of

physical and sexual abuse of children

in 1986 what decision by US supreme court affirmed the principle of racial segregation if the facilities for blacks and whites were separate but equal

plessy v ferguson

which term refers to organizations formed by special-interest groups to raise and spend money in support of political goals

political action committees (PACs)

the biggest problem facing single-parent families especially when that parent is a woman is

poverty

if you have an occupation that provides good pay and extensive benefits you have work in the

primary labor market

For which of the following offenses do police arrest mostly women

prostitution

What policy created high-density apartment buildings to house the poor?

public housing

you probably approve of the operation of Walmart if you support

pure capitalism

Over the course of the twentieth century, global population_______

quadrupled

The term "dropping out" refers to

quitting school before earning a high school diploma

according to which political point of view are cities in crisis due to our society giving free rein to market forces

radical left

according to which political point of view should society develop collective arrangements for performing housework and child care

radical left

according to which political position does the capitalist economy concentrate wealth in the hands of the few and the govt serve the interests of the capitalistic elite

radical left

if you claim that basic change is needed to our economic system in order to solve our current problems from which point of view are you speaking

radical left

President Franklin D. Roosevelt gained public support with his 'fireside chats' that made use of the

radio

the defining characteristic of 'mass media' is media outlets that

reach a very large audience

research shows that children raised by same sex parents

receive the same supportive and effective parenting as those raised in other families

the Fair Sentencing Act passed in 2010 was enacted to

reduce the disparity in sentencing for crack possession versus cocaine possession

In a study of a declining neighborhood along the coast of Southern California, Barbara Myerhoff found that above all elderly residents wanted to ______

remain independent

In 1987 Congress passed legislation that

required employers to phase out mandatory retirement policies

in 1914 US congress passed the Harrison Act which

restricted the sale of heroin and cocaine

the industrial revolution pushed workers into which sector of the economy

secondary sector

in the tertiary sector of the economy most people in the labor force do what type of work

service work

In India, Thailand, and some African nations, families marry off women against their will, with many ending up as slaves performing work for their husband's family or forced into prostitution. This practice falls into which of the following categories?

servile forms of marriage

social media and mass media have a number of functions for society as a whole. which of the following is included in the chapter as one of these functions

serving as a agent of socialization

symbolic-interaction theory explains how the mass media and social media

shape the reality we experience

According to the liberal view regarding caring for elders, individuals and families

should be involved but should not have to solve these problems by themselves

worldwide the share of people access the internet is

smaller in lower income regions of the world

friedrich engels developed an early theory of family life making the claim that men gained control of women's sexuality as a means to protect their own wealth this claim is the foundation for which type of theoretical analysis

social conflict analysis

Which theoretical analysis highlights age stratification pointing out ways that society limits older people's opportunities and resources

social-conflict perspective

which type of economic system places natural resources and the means of producing goods and services under collective ownership

socialism

Sociologists argue that what we experience as stages of life are ______

socially constructed

researchers studying political bias in media outlets conclude that

some media sources to varying degrees lean left and others lean right

A school that provides students with learning disabilities with separate classes taught by specially trained teachers is following a policy of

special education

As the U.S. economy moved from farming to industry, the responsibility for teaching the young moved from parents to

specially trained teachers

which type of economic system has the govt working closely with large privately owned companies

state capitalism

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit disorder are typically treated with which type of drug

stimulants

Emile Durkheim reasoned that crime is quite normal and performs important functions for the operation of society. This assessments fits which theoretical approach

structural-functional

research shows that the quality of the school matters to student performance but what matters even more

student's home environment

after WWII the search for new housing economic prosperity and the greater physical mobility brought on by cars combined to push more and more people outward from the central cities into

suburbs

which of the following terms refers to a program that combines low-income housing with on-site social services

supportive housing

which terms refers to an arrangement in which one woman carries and bears a child for another usually in exchange for money

surrogate motherhood

which of the following is a micro level analysis of the family

symbolic interaction analysis

which theoretical analysis views the family less as an institution and more in terms of ongoing relationships among individuals

symbolic interaction analysis

which theoretical approach highlights the meaning that people attach to the jobs they hold and the work they perform

symbolic interaction approach

Activity theory is an application of which theoretical approach

symbolic-interaction approach

Since 1979, women have outnumbered men in U.S. colleges and universities. Despite this remarkable change, women still

tend to concentrate in many traditionally feminine majors

in 1900 more than one third New Yorkers lived in small apartments with few or no windows and shared bathrooms. these apartments were called

tenements

A sharp increase in global population began about the time of _____

the Industrial Revolution

Our society's use of due process involving police, courts, and punishments to enforce the law is called

the criminal justice system

because African Americans and the poor are more likely to use crack while white people are more likely to use cocaine critics claim that stronger sentences for crack than cocaine reflect not the drug but

the drug users

the social institution that organizes the production distribution and soncumption of goods and services is

the economy

Which of the following terms refers to the socially constructed stages people pass through as they live out their lives

the life course

the insight of Marshall McLuhan can be summed up as which of the following statements

the medium is the message

which political model describes power in the US as widely distributed among various groups and organizations

the pluralist model

which of the following is not one of the three sectors of the economy

global trade

which concept refers to the domination of a market by a few companies

oligopoly

Compared to 1960, today we find school segregation is

about the same now as it was then

which term refers to the study of human population

demography

a drug is any chemical substance other than food or water that

affects the mind or body

Marxist theory sees crime as a product of

social inequality

which of the following types of work poses the highest risk of death on the job

agriculture

Doug Downey and his colleagues discovered that U.S. children spend what percentage of their waking hours in school?

13 percent

On average US men and women over sixty-five spend what percentage of their household budget on health care

15 percent

although the govt claims that only a tiny percentage of US population is illiterate, research suggests the nation's level of functional illiteracy is about what percentage of the adult population

17 percent

The most recent statistics for 2016 show that about how many murders were recorded annually by police

17,250

african american men were granted the right to vote in

1870

although there is no precise tally of homeless people, most estimates suggest that about how many people in the US are homeless for some period of time during any given year

1.5 million

in 2017 the average number of children born to the typical US woman over her lifetime was about

1.9

the dropout rate for young people from families with annual incomes over $100,000 is less than 3 percent; for those from families with incomes below $30,000 the dropout rate is

10 percent

According to the most recent statistics police cleared about what percentage of all reported motor vehicle thefts

13 percent

Child abuse was defined as a social problem

About 1960, largely based on the activism of Dr. C. Henry Kempe

Most of the low-income nations of the world are located in _______

Africa or Asia

the presence of so much violence in the mass media

May have the effect of desensitizing us to all violence

in 2016 seven of the ten largest cities in terms of population were in the south and west-a region often called the

Sunbelt

the extent of school violence is higher in

Urban and suburban schools with large enrollments

Flying south from Boston on a clear night and looking down on an unbroken carpet of lights, showing settlements all the way to Virginia, would reveal the existence of

a megalopolis

in which European city did an experiment in removing criminal penalties for use of drugs including heroin turn out badly

Zurich

scott and connie are married and have a six month old son. also in the home are soctts son form a previous marriage and connies daughter from a previous marriage. this household can be correctly described as

a blended family

sammuel, jake, and jake's two children share an apartment. they consider themselves a family. sociologists might call their relationship

a family of affinity

in 1965 senator daniel patrick moynihan said the african american family was in crisis because of

a growing number of absent fathers who leave single mothers to raise children on their own

From the liberal view crime and violence are caused by

a harmful societal environment such as poverty

As conservatives see it _____

a healthy society is built on strong families in which people care for one another

william julius wilson claims that the major cause of poverty among african american families is

a lack of available jobs

which of the following statements illustrates the concept of 'media consolidation'

a larger share of media outlets is owned by a small number of large coporations

In Japan a very low birth rate has resulted in

a rapid increase in the share of Japan's population over age sixty-five

one reason for the low wage recovery that this nation has experienced in recent years is

a smaller share of todays jobs provide enough in pay and benefits to support a family

which of the following statements about age and internet use in the US is correct

about 99 percent of young adults use the internet as do about 60 percent of adults who have reached the age of sixty five

in 1954 which decision by US supreme court ruled that racially segregated schools violated the constitution striking down the separate but equal standard that dated back to 1896

brown vs board of education of topeka

in 1998 californians paassed proposition 227 which

banned bilingual programs in favor of the english immersion approach

Radicals on the left argue that problems in our schools arise from

basic flaws in the economic and political structure of society

read the four statements that follow. which statement is not correct

bilingual education encourages people to see some cultural traditions as better than others

which of the following terms refers to having at least five drinks in a row for men or four drinks for women at least once in the past two weeks

binge drinking

the most widely used drug in the US is almost certainly

caffeine

church sponsored parochial schools in the US were most popular among

californians

according to symbolic interaction analysis tracking and other forms of labeling in education

can create a self fulfilling prophecy

If you were studying informal and unpaid care provided to a dependent person by family members other relatives or friends which of the following topics

caregiving

Moving police officers from automobiles to bicycles and foot patrol is part of a policy called

community policing

which term refers to a giant corporation composed of many smaller corporations

conglomerate

from which point of view would someone see the rise in cohabitation as spelling trouble for US society

conservative

which political point of view argues that the main problem of public education is that govt controls most schools, so public schools do not have to compete for students

conservative

which political point of view claims that conventional families are breaking down: divorce, single parenting, and living together without marriage are symptoms of a me first culture that weakens society and places children at risk

conservative

which political point of view considers family values to mean getting and staying married with parents displaying strong commitment to children

conservative

which of the following categories of people face legal barriers to voting

convicted felons

under no fault divorce laws

couples declare that their marriage is over due to irreconcilable differences

Which of the following terms refers to the violation of the criminal laws enacted by federal, state, or local governments

crime

Which of following concepts defines people's responsibilities to uphold public order

criminal law

Which of the following terms refers to subsequent offenses committed by people previously convicted of crimes

criminal recidivism

According to the liberal view government programs (such as social security) are _____

crucial to meeting the needs of the elder population

sociologists use which term to refer to cases of scientific discoveries that occur faster than our ideas develop about the acceptable ways to use them

cultural lag

Sexual assault in which offender and victim have some personal relationship is called

date rape

the postindustrial economy which emerged during the final decades of the twentieth century and was marked by service work and computer technology had the effect of

decentralizing population away from central cities

which term refers to the decline of industrial production that occurred in the US after about 1950

deindustrialization

which category of drugs slows the operation of the central nervous system

depressants

which of these questions has little to do with whether violence is likely to be defined as a social problem

does the violence cause physical harm to any person

Tara lives in the Dallas suburbs and commutes downtown to work every day. Like the typical suburbanite living near a major metropolitan area, Tara spends at least thirty minutes

driving to work

Bill agrees with the statement that in a historical perspective, urban life has improved. As a conservative, he believes this improvement is due to

economic forces

the movement of businesses from the central city to centers some distance from the old downtowns has created

edge cities

programs such as DARE are examples of which general policy

education

which of the following terms refers to the social institution by which society transmits knowledge to its members

education

who distinguished between mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity when he tried to explain rural living giving way to life in the industrial metropolis

emile durkheim

What policy mandates teaching non-English speakers in English?

english immersion

which term refers to parents and children plus grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins who often live close to one another and operate as a family unit

extended family

The most common source of support and companionship for elderly people is _______

family members

which term refers to a more serious crime punishable by at least one year in prison

felony

which theoretical analysis views families in terms of patterns of gender inequality

feminist analysis

which of the following sociologists developed the theory of Gemeinschaft and Gelleschaft

ferdinand tonnies

About 30 million men and women in the United States do not read, write, or do basic arithmetic well enough to carry out daily responsibilities. This situation is the problem of

functional illiteracy

Which German sociologist explained that people living in cities experience intense stimulation and often respond by "tuning out" some of the world around them?

georg simmel

Which of the following concepts refers to a branch of the social sciences dealing with aging and the elderly

gerontology

Living in large industrial cities, people interact on the basis of self interest. This type of social organization reflects what Tönnies referred to as

gesellschaft

during the postindustrial revival that began in the 1980s the number of service sector jobs increased in cities including New York. A second factor that helped cities recover was

increased immigration from Latin America and Asia

the most recent technological change to the US economy was the

information revolution

Compared to the rate of population increase for the world as a whole, the rate of population increase for the world's urban areas

is increasing twice as fast

new reproductive technology including in vitro fertilization

is very expensive and thus out of reach for many people

telecommunting has what major disadvantages for workers

it blurs the line between home and work

which of the following people is least likely to have voted in the 2016 presidential election

juan, a twenty year old high school dropout form Corpus Christi Texas

According to official statistics describing murder

offenders and victims are generally of the same race

in the US people most likely to vote include

older people

the structural-functional approach calls attention to

the ways in which drugs can be helpful and harmful to the orderly operation of society

in a socialist economy

there is a collective orientation, teaching people to be motivated by serving the common good.

as of 2016 how many countries including the US have enacted lawful same sex marriage in name as well as in practice

thirty nine

according to the liberal point of view the main cause of school problems is

too little funding for public schools and too much inequality of funding among schools

the first US president to make extensive use of social media was

trump

william julius wilson has observed that in the Washington Park area of Chicago during the early 1950s most African American adults were working and supporting their families by the 1990s he reports what share of these residents was unemployed

two-thirds

in 1949 in response to the decline of many central-city neighborhoods the federal govt passed the urban housing act which created the policy of

urban renewal

if you were to study the decentralization of the urban population leading to rapid, unplanned, and low-density development at the edge of expanding urban areas you would be investigating

urban sprawl

From the conservative view the most effective social control in reference to crime is

values that produce a strong individual conscience

from the conservative view the most effective social control in reference to crime is

values that produce a strong individual conscience


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