chapter 25

a set of guidelines to demonstrate that a specific pathogen causes specific disease symptoms

What are Koch's postulates?

to transmit DNA between bacteria

What is the purpose of sex pili?

cow digestive tracts

Where would you likely find Euryarchaeota bacteria?

botulism

Which disease is caused by an exotoxin released by the gram-positive, endospore-forming bacteria, often because food was not heated sufficiently to kill the endospores?

cyanobacteria

Which is the only prokaryote to carry on photosynthesis that generates oxygen?

bacilli

Which of the following are rod-shaped bacteria?

it is found in recipient cells, not donor cells

Which statement about an F factor is FALSE?

sugars cross linked with proteins

Peptidoglycan consists of:

fimbriae

Small hairlike structures made up of protein on the surface of bacteria are called:

their capsule or slime layer

Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of:

penicillin cannot reach the thin peptidoglycan layer easily because it is protected by the bacterias outer membrane

Why is penicillin ineffective against gram-negative bacteria?

conjugation

____ is a form of genetic exchange in bacteria that involves contact between two cells.

mutualistic

Cows and other ruminates rely on a ____ relationship with bacteria in their digestive tract.

purple; peptidoglycan

Gram-positive bacteria would stain ____ in a gram stain because of a thick layer of ____ in their cell walls.

by means of a rotating flagella

How do bacteria move?

bacteria form endospores

How do some bacteria respond to adverse environmental conditions?

gram-negative bacteria

Streptococci, the bacteria responsible for strep throat infections, is classified within which group of Bacteria?

ether linkages

The Archaea plasma membranes are made up of branched-chain hydrocarbons bounded to glycerol by:

chemoautotroph

A bacterium that uses the oxidation of inorganic compounds to provide energy for manufacturing nutritious organic compounds is a:

the plasma membrane

Although bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on:

endotoxins; exotoxins

Bacterial ____ cause systemic symptoms such as fever, whereas bacterial ____ cause more specific maladies.

binary fission

The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is:

absence of peptidoglycan in the cell walls of archaea

The most significant difference between archaea and bacteria is the:

a thousandth

The volume of a typical bacterium is about _____ the volume of a typical eukaryotic cell.

biofilms are usually less than 2 μm thick

Which statement about biofilms is FALSE?

very few species of bacteria are used to clean up various forms fo pollution

Which statement about bioremediation is FALSE?

basal body

Which structure acts like a motor for the bacterial flagellum?

capsule

Which structure in the accompanying figure is labeled as C?

obligate anaerobic

Which type of bacterium would not be able to survive in the presence of oxygen?

bacillus anthracis, which causes anthrax

Which was the first bacterium to be clearly identified as the cause of an infectious disease?