chapter 25
a set of guidelines to demonstrate that a specific pathogen causes specific disease symptoms
What are Koch's postulates?
to transmit DNA between bacteria
What is the purpose of sex pili?
cow digestive tracts
Where would you likely find Euryarchaeota bacteria?
botulism
Which disease is caused by an exotoxin released by the gram-positive, endospore-forming bacteria, often because food was not heated sufficiently to kill the endospores?
cyanobacteria
Which is the only prokaryote to carry on photosynthesis that generates oxygen?
bacilli
Which of the following are rod-shaped bacteria?
it is found in recipient cells, not donor cells
Which statement about an F factor is FALSE?
sugars cross linked with proteins
Peptidoglycan consists of:
fimbriae
Small hairlike structures made up of protein on the surface of bacteria are called:
their capsule or slime layer
Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of:
penicillin cannot reach the thin peptidoglycan layer easily because it is protected by the bacterias outer membrane
Why is penicillin ineffective against gram-negative bacteria?
conjugation
____ is a form of genetic exchange in bacteria that involves contact between two cells.
mutualistic
Cows and other ruminates rely on a ____ relationship with bacteria in their digestive tract.
purple; peptidoglycan
Gram-positive bacteria would stain ____ in a gram stain because of a thick layer of ____ in their cell walls.
by means of a rotating flagella
How do bacteria move?
bacteria form endospores
How do some bacteria respond to adverse environmental conditions?
gram-negative bacteria
Streptococci, the bacteria responsible for strep throat infections, is classified within which group of Bacteria?
ether linkages
The Archaea plasma membranes are made up of branched-chain hydrocarbons bounded to glycerol by:
chemoautotroph
A bacterium that uses the oxidation of inorganic compounds to provide energy for manufacturing nutritious organic compounds is a:
the plasma membrane
Although bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on:
endotoxins; exotoxins
Bacterial ____ cause systemic symptoms such as fever, whereas bacterial ____ cause more specific maladies.
binary fission
The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is:
absence of peptidoglycan in the cell walls of archaea
The most significant difference between archaea and bacteria is the:
a thousandth
The volume of a typical bacterium is about _____ the volume of a typical eukaryotic cell.
biofilms are usually less than 2 μm thick
Which statement about biofilms is FALSE?
very few species of bacteria are used to clean up various forms fo pollution
Which statement about bioremediation is FALSE?
basal body
Which structure acts like a motor for the bacterial flagellum?
capsule
Which structure in the accompanying figure is labeled as C?
obligate anaerobic
Which type of bacterium would not be able to survive in the presence of oxygen?
bacillus anthracis, which causes anthrax
Which was the first bacterium to be clearly identified as the cause of an infectious disease?