Chapter 25 Assessment

External bleeding may be classified according to types. Which one of the following is one of those​ types? A. Capillary bleeding B. Liver bleeding C. Brain bleeding D. Cardiac bleeding

A

In which of the following vessels does the vital exchange take place and also has the thinnest walls through which​ oxygen, nutrients, and wastes can​ pass? A. Capillaries B. Veins C. Microvenules D. Arterioles

A

Which of the following blood vessels cannot stop bleeding by​ constricting? A. Capillaries B. Vena cava C. Arterioles D. Arteries

A

Which of the following is NOT part of the circulatory​ system? A. Brain B. Blood C. Blood vessels D. Heart

A

Which of the following is a classification of the severity of​ shock? A. Compensated B. Consumption C. ​Non-compensated D. Uncompensated

A

Which of the following is another name for describing the condition of​ shock? A. Hypoperfusion B. Hypotension C. Internal bleeding D. Hemorrhage

A

Which of the following is recommended in situations in which a tourniquet must be​ used? A. Use a material that is wide and thick. B. Apply a bulky dressing and bandage over the tourniquet. C. Remove the tourniquet as soon as bleeding is controlled to minimize further damage to the limb. D. Apply the tourniquet over the elbow or knee.

A

Which of the following vessels contain blood under the highest amount of​ pressure? A. Arteries B. Veins C. Venules D. Capillaries

A

Which one of the following is incorrect in the application of a​ tourniquet? A. If​ possible, the tourniquet should be placed on a joint. B. The tourniquet should be 2 to 4 inches wide. C. A blood pressure cuff can be used as a tourniquet. D. The tourniquet should be placed approximately 2 inches above the bleeding.

A

When deciding where to transport a patient who is in hypovolemic shock or who has the potential for developing hypovolemic​ shock, which of the following is the MOST important service to be provided by the receiving​ hospital? A. Rehabilitation services B. Immediate surgical capabilities C. Availability of a chaplain D. ​Critical-care nursing

B

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of​ hypoperfusion? A. Cells are not supplied with nutrients. B. Aerobic metabolism will continue in the cell. C. Cellular waste products are not removed. D. Cells are not supplied with oxygen.

B

Which of the following is NOT recommended when controlling​ epistaxis? A. Pinching the nostrils together B. Having the patient tilt the head backward to elevate the nose C. Placing the unconscious patient in the recovery position D. Keeping the patient calm and quiet

B

Which of the following is a characteristic of arterial​ bleeding? A. Steady flow B. Spurting under pressure C. Dark red color D. Both B and C

B

Which of the following is the LEAST effective method of controlling​ bleeding? A. Hemostatic agent B. Elevation C. Direct pressure D. Tourniquet

B

Which of the following is the leading cause of internal​ bleeding? A. Penetrating trauma B. Blunt trauma C. Aortic aneurysm D. Crush injury

B

Which of the following must be kept in mind when considering the severity of external​ bleeding? A. A younger person can tolerate more blood loss than an adult. B. Signs of shock do not appear until a large amount of blood has been lost. C. The amount of blood loss is easily estimated by the amount of blood visible on the ground. D. All of the above

B

Which of the following statements is NOT true when you are​ on-scene and treating a patient that appears to be in​ shock? A. Airway management is of top priority. B. It is important to spend​ on-scene time to be sure you have corrected and dealt with any of the causes of the shock so that it does not get worse. This is more important than rapid transport. C. Prompt transportation is a very high priority. D. The patient should be promptly put on​ high-concentration oxygen.

B

Which of the following statements is true when talking about neurogenic​ shock? A. Neurogenic shock is very common in the field. B. Neurogenic shock is sometimes caused by spinal injuries. C. Neurogenic shock is caused by the blood vessels overfilling with​ blood, causing leaking into the nerves. D. Neurogenic shock is the result of the blood vessels decreasing in size.

B

Which of the following vessels has the thickest muscular walls that allow constriction and​ dilation? A. Capillaries B. Arteries C. Lymphatic vessels D. Veins

B

Your patient has attempted suicide by slitting his wrists. You notice that he has run the knife across his​ wrist, perpendicular to the​ arm, and that the wound is not deep. Which of the following statements is true regarding the likelihood for serious blood​ loss? A. You should expect severe blood loss. B. Blood loss is probably not​ life-threatening. C. There is most likely tremendous internal blood loss. D. A tourniquet will probably be necessary.

B

Your patient is a​ 12-year-old boy who ran his arm through a glass window and has an​ 8-inch laceration on his anterior forearm. You have applied a pressure dressing and​ bandage, but these have become saturated due to continued bleeding. Which of the following should you do​ now? A. Apply additional dressing​ material, bandage it in​ place, and apply pressure to the brachial artery. B. Elevate that arm and prepare to apply a tourniquet or consider administering a hemostatic agent. C. Remove the pressure dressing and​ bandage, apply direct pressure with your gloved​ hand, and elevate the arm. D. Remove the pressure dressing and​ bandage, apply an ice pack to the​ wound, and bandage it in place with an elastic bandage.

B

Your patient is a​ 28-year-old male who cut his thigh with a chain saw. Bleeding is significant and difficult to control. Which of the following is NOT part of the proper management of this​ patient? A. Use of a tourniquet B. Replacement of fluid level by giving the patient adequate amounts of water C. Using direct pressure to control the bleeding D. Administering oxygen

B

Your patient is a​ 33-year-old man who has a gunshot wound to his right leg and has​ active, steady, dark red bleeding. He is​ awake, pale, and diaphoretic. He has a strong radial pulse of 112 per​ minute, a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per​ minute, and a blood pressure of​ 122/82 mmHg. He has no other injuries or complaints. Which of the following is the BEST sequence of steps in the management of this​ patient? A. ​High-concentration oxygen, elevation of the​ extremity, and application of ice B. Direct​ pressure, high-concentration​ oxygen, and splinting the leg C. Cervical spine​ immobilization, high-concentration​ oxygen, direct​ pressure, and pressure point compression D. ​High-concentration oxygen,​ tourniquet, PASG, and elevation of the extremity

B

As an​ EMT, your BEST clue indicating the possibility of internal bleeding may be the presence​ of: A. ​bruising, swelling, or pain over vital organs. B. ​painful, swollen, or deformed extremities. C. mechanism of injury. D. the absence of a​ tender, rigid, or distended abdomen.

C

Shock is the circulatory​ system's failure to provide sufficient blood and oxygen to all the​ body's tissues. Which of the answers is NOT a major type of​ shock? A. Hemorrhagic B. Cardiogenic C. Hypervolemic D. Hypovolemic

C

Which of the following BEST explains the reason for minimizing​ scene-time for the trauma patient with significant hemorrhage or the potential for significant​ hemorrhage? A. The clock for the​ "golden hour" of trauma begins at the time of your arrival. B. There is nothing the EMT can do for a patient in shock. C. Studies have indicated that trauma patients who receive surgery within 1 hour of injury have better chances of survival. D. It gives the EMT less opportunity to make mistakes in the​ patient's care.

C

Which of the following distinguishes decompensated shock from compensated stage of​ shock? A. Tachycardia B. Delayed capillary refill time C. Low blood pressure D. Altered mental status

C

Which of the following is NOT indicated in the management of a patient in​ shock? A. Delaying a detailed exam until en route to the hospital B. ​On-scene spinal​ precautions, if indicated C. ​High-speed ambulance transportation D. Minimizing​ on-scene time

C

Which of the following is part of the​ body's compensatory response to blood​ loss? A. Blood vessels dilate and the heart rate increases. B. Blood vessels constrict and the heart rate decreases. C. Blood vessels constrict and the heart rate increases. D. Blood vessels dilate and the heart rate decreases.

C

Which of the following is the MOST effective way of controlling external​ bleeding? A. Running cold water over the wound B. Using an ice pack C. Using direct pressure with a dressing D. Elevating the affected part

C

Which of the following is the MOST sensitive indicator of​ hypoperfusion? A. Dilation of the pupils B. Increased heart rate C. Altered mental status D. Delayed capillary refill

C

Which of the following signifies a failure in the​ patient's compensatory response to blood​ loss? A. ​Pale, cool skin B. Tachypnea C. Hypotension D. Tachycardia

C

Which of the following types of vessels have valves to maintain​ one-way blood​ flow? A. Arterioles B. Arteries C. Veins D. Capillaries

C

Your patient is a​ 6-year-old child who has fallen down while running on a sidewalk. She has abrasions on both knees and the palms of both​ hands, which are oozing blood. This is an example of bleeding from which of the following types of​ vessels? A. Lymphatic vessels B. Arteries C. Capillaries D. Veins

C

Cold is sometimes used to help control bleeding. When using​ cold, the following guidelines and statements are true except​: A. it will reduce pain. B. it should not be used alone but rather in conjunction with other manual techniques. C. it should not be left in place for more than 20 minutes. D. it should be applied directly to the​ skin; it will not be effective if anything is between the cold agent and the wound.

D

If you do not have a commercial tourniquet​ available, what common device found on the ambulance can be used as a​ substitute? A. Ice packs tied in place with triangle bandage B. Use a rope​ tie-down to make a tourniquet C. Air or vacuum splint D. Blood pressure cuff

D

Limiting time spent at a scene can be especially important if the mechanism of injury suggests that the patient could go into shock. In order to keep the time at the scene to a​ minimum, which of the following assessments or treatments should not be performed on the​ scene? A. Rapid trauma exam B. Immobilization C. ABCs with spinal precautions D. Splinting swollen extremities

D

The most common form of a hemostatic agent is​ hemostatic: A. powders. B. tourniquet. C. granules. D. dressings.

D

Which of the following BEST describes the delivery of oxygen and nutrients at the​ body's cellular​ level? A. Osmosis B. Hydrostatic pressure C. Circulation D. Perfusion

D

Which of the following BEST describes the function of​ blood? A. It​ clots, flows,​ transports, protects, and excretes on a daily basis. B. It is a​ life-giving liquid that supports all the​ body's functions to maintain hypoperfusion. C. It flows from the heart with the vital gases and nutrients to maintain lack of perfusion. D. It transports gases along with​ nutrients, aids in​ excretion, and provides protection and regulation.

D

Which of the following circumstances may result in​ hypoperfusion? A. Blood vessels are dilated. B. There is external bleeding. C. The heart is damaged. D. All of the above

D

Which of the following is NOT the purpose of making airway management the highest priority of patient care when managing the patient in​ shock? A. It allows for improved elimination of carbon dioxide. B. It minimizes the chances of aspiration of blood or vomit. C. It allows for oxygenation of the lungs. D. It allows the bronchoconstriction of the smaller airways to be reversed.

D

Which of the following is a characteristic of venous​ bleeding? A. It cannot lead to​ life-threatening amounts of blood loss. B. It commonly requires the use of pressure point compression. C. It often requires the use of a tourniquet. D. It can be​ profuse, but is generally easily controlled.

D

Which of the following is responsible for most of the signs and symptoms of early​ shock? A. Constriction of the peripheral blood vessels B. Dilation of the peripheral blood vessels C. Increased respirations of the patient D. The​ body's attempts at compensation for blood loss

D

Which of the following is the major cause of shock that the EMT will​ encounter? A. Excessive sweating B. High blood pressure C. Vomiting D. Hemorrhage

D

Which of the following is the most important reason for controlling external​ bleeding? A. To prevent the spread of infectious diseases B. To make​ clean-up of the ambulance and your equipment easier after the call C. To prevent the patient from becoming upset at the sight of blood D. To prevent hypoperfusion

D

Which of the following may occur when there is bleeding from a large​ vein? A. Air embolism B. Hypoperfusion C. Transmission of bloodborne illnesses D. All of the above

D

Which of the following should increase the​ EMT's suspicion of internal​ bleeding? A. Penetrating trauma to the chest or abdomen B. Fall from a height three or more times the​ patient's height C. ​High-speed motor vehicle collision D. All of the above

D

Which of the following types of bleeding is most​ serious? A. Arterial bleeding B. External bleeding C. Internal bleeding D. Massive bleeding of any type

D

Which of the following will worsen the condition of the patient in​ shock? A. Elevating the​ patient's legs 8 to 10 inches B. Transporting without first splinting all extremity fractures C. Applying​ high-concentration oxygen when it is not needed D. Conducting oneself in a manner that increases the​ patient's fear and anxiety

D

Your trauma patient is​ anxious, tachycardic,​ pale, and hypotensive. Which of these signs indicates failure of the​ body's compensatory​ mechanisms? A. Anxiousness B. Pallor C. Tachycardia D. Hypotension

D