Psych 5 Ch. 2 Review

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Neurons have a cell body, or soma; dendrites, which receive "messages"; and a(n) _________, which extends from the cell body and transmits messages.

axon

central nervous system

brain and spinal cord

The brain structure called the _______ is involved in balance and coordination

cerebellum

A neuron can fire up to a limit of about ______ per second

400

People with _______ syndrome have an extra chromosome on the 21st pair

Down

Wernicke's aphasia causes

Impairment of one's ability to comprehend speech and to think of the proper words to express their own thoughts.

Describe the nervous system

The nervous system regulates the body and is involved in thought processes, emotional responses, heartbeat, and motor activity

parasympathetic nervous system

a set of nerves within the ANS that helps the body return to a normal resting state

sympathetic nervous system

a set of nerves within the ANS that prepares the body for action in challenging or threatening situations

When Charlotte hears something embarrassing, she blushes. Being a student of psychology, she knows that this condition is controlled by the

autonomic nervous system

dizygotic twins (fraternal)

develop when two ova are fertilized

"messages" travel within neurons by means of _____ and from neuron to neuron by means of ______

electricity, neurotransmitters

The concept of a struggle for ____ lies at the core of the theory of evolution.

existence

___________ are the most basic building blocks of heredity.

genes

Stereotypical behavior patterns that have evolved within a species are called _______

instincts

The behavior of ______ twins is of special interest to psychologists because the genetic endowment is the same.

monozygotic (identical)

The axons of many neurons have a fatty insulating sheath called ________________.

myelin

Neurons transmit messages to other neurons by means of chemical substances called______

neurotransmitters

autonomic nervous system

regulates glands and activities like digestion

It is theorized that people with the psychological disorder called _________ apparently overutilize the neurotransmitter dopamine

schizophrenia

An axon's length can range from a few millimeters to

several feet

An editor gets so upset that she is late in working on a manuscript that she throws up her lunch. This probably occurred because of activity in the

sympathetic division of her autonomic nervous system

Ellen loses weight and becomes somewhat agitated. Her doctor is most likely to theorize that she is suffering from a deficiency of

thyroxin

somatic nervous system

transmits sensory messages to the central nervous system


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