Psych 5 Ch. 2 Review
Neurons have a cell body, or soma; dendrites, which receive "messages"; and a(n) _________, which extends from the cell body and transmits messages.
axon
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
The brain structure called the _______ is involved in balance and coordination
cerebellum
A neuron can fire up to a limit of about ______ per second
400
People with _______ syndrome have an extra chromosome on the 21st pair
Down
Wernicke's aphasia causes
Impairment of one's ability to comprehend speech and to think of the proper words to express their own thoughts.
Describe the nervous system
The nervous system regulates the body and is involved in thought processes, emotional responses, heartbeat, and motor activity
parasympathetic nervous system
a set of nerves within the ANS that helps the body return to a normal resting state
sympathetic nervous system
a set of nerves within the ANS that prepares the body for action in challenging or threatening situations
When Charlotte hears something embarrassing, she blushes. Being a student of psychology, she knows that this condition is controlled by the
autonomic nervous system
dizygotic twins (fraternal)
develop when two ova are fertilized
"messages" travel within neurons by means of _____ and from neuron to neuron by means of ______
electricity, neurotransmitters
The concept of a struggle for ____ lies at the core of the theory of evolution.
existence
___________ are the most basic building blocks of heredity.
genes
Stereotypical behavior patterns that have evolved within a species are called _______
instincts
The behavior of ______ twins is of special interest to psychologists because the genetic endowment is the same.
monozygotic (identical)
The axons of many neurons have a fatty insulating sheath called ________________.
myelin
Neurons transmit messages to other neurons by means of chemical substances called______
neurotransmitters
autonomic nervous system
regulates glands and activities like digestion
It is theorized that people with the psychological disorder called _________ apparently overutilize the neurotransmitter dopamine
schizophrenia
An axon's length can range from a few millimeters to
several feet
An editor gets so upset that she is late in working on a manuscript that she throws up her lunch. This probably occurred because of activity in the
sympathetic division of her autonomic nervous system
Ellen loses weight and becomes somewhat agitated. Her doctor is most likely to theorize that she is suffering from a deficiency of
thyroxin
somatic nervous system
transmits sensory messages to the central nervous system
