Chapter 25 Health Promotion Throughout the Lifespan
true
MRSA has been found in Indiana? True/False?
zero new HIV infections zero AIDs related deaths zero discrimination Universal access to to prevention, treatment, care and support
UNAIDS goals
onsite triage
__ ___ optimizes treatment of bullet and blast injuries post terrorism attack
early and brief
__ and __ interventions at the worksite were most effective in responding to PTSD compared to *post-disaster phychotherapy*
1/4
___ children are underweight
edema
___ occurs in children with severe wasting due to leaking of potassium from cells, leading to electrolyte imbalance and fluid retention in the feet, lower legs, arms, and face
catalyzing
___ the next generation of treatment, care, and support involves universal antiretroviral treatment access for all HIV-positive individuals who need medication
98
___% of of deaths per year occur in developing countries
protective factor
a characteristic that decreases the likelihood of a person a victim or perpetrator of violence
risk factor
a characteristic that increases the likelihood of a person becoming a victim or perpetrator of violence
Wife inheritance
a cultural practice among Kenyans that is considered a heroic act of a male family member to assume responsibility of being the new husband of a widow (usually brother or cousin) and assuming all acts of him (sex)
protein-energy malnutrition
a lack of calories and protein, a widespread in low-income countries and is the most lethal form of malnutrition/hunger
Global Public Health Intelligence Network
a significant source of informal information related to outbreaks, was also collaboratively established by health Canada and WHO (multilingual)
low birth weight, birth defects, low immunity levels, infection and susceptibility, growth retardation, learning disabilities, mental retardation, blindness, and premature death
affects on children born to undernourished mothers
Gender Age Disaggregated Data
allows for examination and identification of needs that are specific to each gender and age group
psychopathic violence
are likely to have a history of violent behaviors among all relationships, starting early childhood.
malnutrition
bad nourishment that can be associated with too much or too little food intake and it not limited to the wrong types of food.
A, B, C
bioterrorism is classified into three categories:
Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
can cause dermatitis and soft tissue infections with the ability to also be fatal in the lungs (more common than hospital spread)
C
category __ bioterrorism contains emerging pathogens that could be reproduced for mass dissemination (Nipah and hantavirus)
A
category __ bioterrorism includes pathogens usually not seen in the US including anthrax, botulism, plague, smallpox, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers
B
category __ bioterrorism pose the second highest risk for world and national safety. Ex. brucellosis, food safety threats, escherichia coli, glanders, melioidosism psittacosis, Q fever, ricin toxin
severe wasting
caused by loss of subcutaneous fat and skeletal muscle and is highly noticeable because of under developed buttock, thighs, and upper arms. abnormally dark and peeling patches of skin
community
children accepting with an appetite to milk based (ready-to-use-therapeutic foods) treating severe wasting receive care through
milk based (ready-to-use-therapeutic foods)
children with severe wasting treatment
facility (in hospital)
children without an appetite to milk based (ready-to-use-therapeutic foods) treating severe wasting receive care through
OB/GYN
common health care resource for women suffering violence
MRSA
contracted through medical or surgical procedures
WHO
core organization responding to needs for such preparation at this level (bioterrorism)
Africa
country with highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS live expectancy reduced 20 years because of it
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WHO
created Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative Programs to manage nutrition needs during emergencies, global nutrition data banks, and collaboration centers.
terrorism
creates a unique brand of fear among individuals and communities
severe wasting
defined as the weight of a child being less than 70% of the median weight for height and/or having mid-upper arm circumference less than 115mm.
anthrax
develop erythema on exposed areas of the hands, arms, or face that turn into painful vesicles and necrotic painless, depressed, black eschar. Respiratory follows.
Inter-Agency Standing Committee
developed the guidelines on mental health and psychosocial support in emergency settings, reflecting standards for appropriate emergency mental health care for victims around the world
(1) Monitoring health status (2) diagnosis and investigating health issues (3) educating people about health problems (4) mobilizing community partnerships (5) developing policies that will assist individuals in identifying problems (6) enforcing laws and regulations to provide and protect safety (7) linking people to appropriate services (8) ensuring personal and public health services (9) evaluating quality/accessibility of health care (10) searching for innovative ideas and solutions to health problems
essential public health services
(1) define the problem (2) identify risk and protective factors (3) devise and testing means for dealing with violence (4) applying successful means on a large scale (community)
four step public health approach to violence:
skin-to-skin contact school correctional facilities crowded spaces shared utilities poor hygiene
how is MRSA spred?
Virgin Cleansing
in sub-saharan countries, male HIV-positive individuals in Kenya are told that their infection is a curse and can only be cured by having sex with a virgin female usually younger than 12
malnutrition
inadequate or excess intake of protein, energy, and micronutrients such as vitamins
collective violence
instrumental use of violence by a particular group of people for specific political, economic, or social objectives (war)
violence
intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against ones-self, another person, or against a group of community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychosocial harm, maldevelopment or deprivation
cardiovascular disease, and lower respiratory infections
leading causes of death in high-income countries
lower respiratory tract infections, diarrheal diseases, and HIV/AIDS
leading causes of death in low-income countries
cardiovascular disease, COPD
leading causes of death in middle-income countries
smallpox
low fever, soreness, rash (similar symptoms to influenza) *on the face and extremities*
(1) each victim is assessed holistically (2) each will have access to essential drugs (3) at least on primary care professional is available (4) care is adequate and supervised (5) professionals will be assigned to specific training (6) mental health services will be available (7) duplicate services will be avoided (8) all disaster struck people will be aware of mental health help (9) primary care clinics will work with community (10) primary care clinics will work with other mental health agencies
minimum response for primary care clinics to help victims with severe psychological needs:
USA-300, USA-400
most common strains of MRSA in the US
protein-energy malnutrition
most common type of malnutrition
breastfed
most infants are ___, and better off when disease strikes. Ex. mother is all they need to survive (regarding nutrition) when disaster happens
incidence
number of new occurrences of HIV
prevalence
percentage of population with HIV
partner drug use and gambling
predictor of emotional abuse
drug abuse
predictor of physical abuse
US agency for international development
provide its skills and resources toward working to eradicate vitamin and mineral deficiencies around the globe
incidence
revolutionizing HIV prevention is focusing on ___ rather than prevalence.
low self-esteem, low self-control, lack of social support, dysfunctional family, drugs/alcohol, and personality/conduct disorders
risk factors of interpersonal violence
male adults
suicide is most prevalent in __ __ .
hostile/controlling violence
tend to anger easily and are hypersensitive to criticism, blame others, and hold grudges
borderline/dependent violence
tend to be depressed, need emotional support, and become out of control when stress builds beyond a given point
economics
terrorism effects economies GDP, unemployment, and tourism industry that effect HEALTH
hand washing
the best way to prevent MRSA
bioterrorism
the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs used to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants
Zambia, Kenya
the highest rates of physical violence were in __ and ___.
developing nations
the inadequacy of emergency care is heightened in __ __. Ex. Haiti- more than 200,000 people lost their lives in 2010 earthquake
young children, refugees
the most vulnerable to collective violence
Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative
their goal is to promote exclusive breast-feeding the first 4 most of life when it is most required in 170 countries and 160,000 hospitals
International Health Regulations
their mission is to provide legal frameworks to ensure health security among nations without unnecessary international traffic and trade interference
34 million
there are __ __ people living with HIV/AIDS in the world (1.3 in North America)
302
there were __ major natural disasters in 2011 causing 29,000 deaths (20,000 from earthquake/tsunami in japan)
policy development influence public expectations promote equitable access to preventative care
to be advocates for newly emerging priorities, nurses need to participate in:
Traditional Sexual Cleansing
undertaken after the spouse of a survivor has died- the widow is required to have sex with a cleanser to avoid misfortune or chase away the spirit of the dead (usually with a stranger or commercial performer) *after* mourning phase
bioterrorism
unusual temporal or geographic clustering of illness or individuals presenting with clinical signs and symptoms that suggest an infectious disease outbreak
interpersonal violence
violence committed by an individual or small group of people in a wide range of acts and behaviors
self-abuse/suicide
violence in which the perpetrator and the victim are the same individual
Advancing Human Rights and gender equality .
working toward the day that gender inequality, violence against women and girls, and stigmatization and discrimination related to HIV will be eradicated
1/2
world wide, ___ deaths of children under the age of 5 are from malnutrition