Chapter 25 Health Promotion Throughout the Lifespan

true

MRSA has been found in Indiana? True/False?

zero new HIV infections zero AIDs related deaths zero discrimination Universal access to to prevention, treatment, care and support

UNAIDS goals

onsite triage

__ ___ optimizes treatment of bullet and blast injuries post terrorism attack

early and brief

__ and __ interventions at the worksite were most effective in responding to PTSD compared to *post-disaster phychotherapy*

1/4

___ children are underweight

edema

___ occurs in children with severe wasting due to leaking of potassium from cells, leading to electrolyte imbalance and fluid retention in the feet, lower legs, arms, and face

catalyzing

___ the next generation of treatment, care, and support involves universal antiretroviral treatment access for all HIV-positive individuals who need medication

98

___% of of deaths per year occur in developing countries

protective factor

a characteristic that decreases the likelihood of a person a victim or perpetrator of violence

risk factor

a characteristic that increases the likelihood of a person becoming a victim or perpetrator of violence

Wife inheritance

a cultural practice among Kenyans that is considered a heroic act of a male family member to assume responsibility of being the new husband of a widow (usually brother or cousin) and assuming all acts of him (sex)

protein-energy malnutrition

a lack of calories and protein, a widespread in low-income countries and is the most lethal form of malnutrition/hunger

Global Public Health Intelligence Network

a significant source of informal information related to outbreaks, was also collaboratively established by health Canada and WHO (multilingual)

low birth weight, birth defects, low immunity levels, infection and susceptibility, growth retardation, learning disabilities, mental retardation, blindness, and premature death

affects on children born to undernourished mothers

Gender Age Disaggregated Data

allows for examination and identification of needs that are specific to each gender and age group

psychopathic violence

are likely to have a history of violent behaviors among all relationships, starting early childhood.

malnutrition

bad nourishment that can be associated with too much or too little food intake and it not limited to the wrong types of food.

A, B, C

bioterrorism is classified into three categories:

Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

can cause dermatitis and soft tissue infections with the ability to also be fatal in the lungs (more common than hospital spread)

C

category __ bioterrorism contains emerging pathogens that could be reproduced for mass dissemination (Nipah and hantavirus)

A

category __ bioterrorism includes pathogens usually not seen in the US including anthrax, botulism, plague, smallpox, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers

B

category __ bioterrorism pose the second highest risk for world and national safety. Ex. brucellosis, food safety threats, escherichia coli, glanders, melioidosism psittacosis, Q fever, ricin toxin

severe wasting

caused by loss of subcutaneous fat and skeletal muscle and is highly noticeable because of under developed buttock, thighs, and upper arms. abnormally dark and peeling patches of skin

community

children accepting with an appetite to milk based (ready-to-use-therapeutic foods) treating severe wasting receive care through

milk based (ready-to-use-therapeutic foods)

children with severe wasting treatment

facility (in hospital)

children without an appetite to milk based (ready-to-use-therapeutic foods) treating severe wasting receive care through

OB/GYN

common health care resource for women suffering violence

MRSA

contracted through medical or surgical procedures

WHO

core organization responding to needs for such preparation at this level (bioterrorism)

Africa

country with highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS live expectancy reduced 20 years because of it

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WHO

created Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative Programs to manage nutrition needs during emergencies, global nutrition data banks, and collaboration centers.

terrorism

creates a unique brand of fear among individuals and communities

severe wasting

defined as the weight of a child being less than 70% of the median weight for height and/or having mid-upper arm circumference less than 115mm.

anthrax

develop erythema on exposed areas of the hands, arms, or face that turn into painful vesicles and necrotic painless, depressed, black eschar. Respiratory follows.

Inter-Agency Standing Committee

developed the guidelines on mental health and psychosocial support in emergency settings, reflecting standards for appropriate emergency mental health care for victims around the world

(1) Monitoring health status (2) diagnosis and investigating health issues (3) educating people about health problems (4) mobilizing community partnerships (5) developing policies that will assist individuals in identifying problems (6) enforcing laws and regulations to provide and protect safety (7) linking people to appropriate services (8) ensuring personal and public health services (9) evaluating quality/accessibility of health care (10) searching for innovative ideas and solutions to health problems

essential public health services

(1) define the problem (2) identify risk and protective factors (3) devise and testing means for dealing with violence (4) applying successful means on a large scale (community)

four step public health approach to violence:

skin-to-skin contact school correctional facilities crowded spaces shared utilities poor hygiene

how is MRSA spred?

Virgin Cleansing

in sub-saharan countries, male HIV-positive individuals in Kenya are told that their infection is a curse and can only be cured by having sex with a virgin female usually younger than 12

malnutrition

inadequate or excess intake of protein, energy, and micronutrients such as vitamins

collective violence

instrumental use of violence by a particular group of people for specific political, economic, or social objectives (war)

violence

intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against ones-self, another person, or against a group of community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychosocial harm, maldevelopment or deprivation

cardiovascular disease, and lower respiratory infections

leading causes of death in high-income countries

lower respiratory tract infections, diarrheal diseases, and HIV/AIDS

leading causes of death in low-income countries

cardiovascular disease, COPD

leading causes of death in middle-income countries

smallpox

low fever, soreness, rash (similar symptoms to influenza) *on the face and extremities*

(1) each victim is assessed holistically (2) each will have access to essential drugs (3) at least on primary care professional is available (4) care is adequate and supervised (5) professionals will be assigned to specific training (6) mental health services will be available (7) duplicate services will be avoided (8) all disaster struck people will be aware of mental health help (9) primary care clinics will work with community (10) primary care clinics will work with other mental health agencies

minimum response for primary care clinics to help victims with severe psychological needs:

USA-300, USA-400

most common strains of MRSA in the US

protein-energy malnutrition

most common type of malnutrition

breastfed

most infants are ___, and better off when disease strikes. Ex. mother is all they need to survive (regarding nutrition) when disaster happens

incidence

number of new occurrences of HIV

prevalence

percentage of population with HIV

partner drug use and gambling

predictor of emotional abuse

drug abuse

predictor of physical abuse

US agency for international development

provide its skills and resources toward working to eradicate vitamin and mineral deficiencies around the globe

incidence

revolutionizing HIV prevention is focusing on ___ rather than prevalence.

low self-esteem, low self-control, lack of social support, dysfunctional family, drugs/alcohol, and personality/conduct disorders

risk factors of interpersonal violence

male adults

suicide is most prevalent in __ __ .

hostile/controlling violence

tend to anger easily and are hypersensitive to criticism, blame others, and hold grudges

borderline/dependent violence

tend to be depressed, need emotional support, and become out of control when stress builds beyond a given point

economics

terrorism effects economies GDP, unemployment, and tourism industry that effect HEALTH

hand washing

the best way to prevent MRSA

bioterrorism

the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs used to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants

Zambia, Kenya

the highest rates of physical violence were in __ and ___.

developing nations

the inadequacy of emergency care is heightened in __ __. Ex. Haiti- more than 200,000 people lost their lives in 2010 earthquake

young children, refugees

the most vulnerable to collective violence

Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative

their goal is to promote exclusive breast-feeding the first 4 most of life when it is most required in 170 countries and 160,000 hospitals

International Health Regulations

their mission is to provide legal frameworks to ensure health security among nations without unnecessary international traffic and trade interference

34 million

there are __ __ people living with HIV/AIDS in the world (1.3 in North America)

302

there were __ major natural disasters in 2011 causing 29,000 deaths (20,000 from earthquake/tsunami in japan)

policy development influence public expectations promote equitable access to preventative care

to be advocates for newly emerging priorities, nurses need to participate in:

Traditional Sexual Cleansing

undertaken after the spouse of a survivor has died- the widow is required to have sex with a cleanser to avoid misfortune or chase away the spirit of the dead (usually with a stranger or commercial performer) *after* mourning phase

bioterrorism

unusual temporal or geographic clustering of illness or individuals presenting with clinical signs and symptoms that suggest an infectious disease outbreak

interpersonal violence

violence committed by an individual or small group of people in a wide range of acts and behaviors

self-abuse/suicide

violence in which the perpetrator and the victim are the same individual

Advancing Human Rights and gender equality .

working toward the day that gender inequality, violence against women and girls, and stigmatization and discrimination related to HIV will be eradicated

1/2

world wide, ___ deaths of children under the age of 5 are from malnutrition