Chapter 25: Mobility

arthroscopy

Direct visualization of a joint by insertion of a scope

A client with paralysis has been prescribed swing-through crutch-walking. Which teaching regarding gait pattern will the nurse provide? 1 one crutch, opposite foot, other crutch, remaining foot 2 one crutch and opposite foot moved in unison, followed by remaining pair 3 both crutches move forward, followed by the weight-bearing leg 4 both crutches are moved forward, one or both legs are advanced beyond crutches

4. both crutches are moved forward, one or both legs are advanced beyond crutches

tremor

A rhythmic, repetitive movement that can occur at rest or when movement is initiated

foot drop

Temporary or permanent plantar flexion due to weakness or paralysis

The nurse moves a client's arm from an outstretched position to a position at the side of his body. What is the term used to describe this type of body movement?

Adduction

anaerobic exercise

Exercise in which muscles cannot extract enough oxygen, and anaerobic pathways are used to provide additional energy for a short time; useful in endurance training

isometric exercise

Exercise involving muscle contraction without a change in muscle length (often occurs against resistance)

aerobic exercise

Exercise that requires oxygen for energy and involves elevation of heart rate for an extended period

body mechanics

Positioning or moving the body to prevent or to correct problems related to activity or immobilization

dangling

Preliminary step to ambulation, especially for patients who may be unable to ambulate initially, which involves sitting on the side of the bed with the legs dependent

contracture

Shortening of a muscle and loss of joint mobility from fibrotic changes in the tissues surrounding the joint

dystonia

Similar to athetosis but usually involves larger areas of the body

chorea

Spontaneous, brief, involuntary muscle twitching of the limbs or facial muscles

spasticity

Sudden, involuntary increase in muscle tone or contractions due to central nervous system lesions

A nurse assesses a client's alignment and documents which data as a normal finding?

The base of support is on the soles of the feet.

A college student fell and sprained his right ankle. The student health health care provider recommends the student use crutches to facilitate healing. What would the nurse teach the student?

The support of the body should be the hands and arms.

flaccidity

Without muscle tone or resistance; decreased muscle tone

DVT

a thrombus originating in the large veins of the legs because of the relatively low velocity of blood flow there

When supporting a patient during leg dangling, the nurse's gluteal and __________ muscles should be tightened to avoid back strain or injury.

abdominal

isotonic exercise

activity that combines muscle contraction with repeated movement

The nurse is caring for a client with postural hypotension. Which nursing intervention is appropriate? using a tilt table to move from supine to standing applying antiembolism stockings before rising asking the client to dangle before moving from a reclining position using a gait belt to quickly get the client out of bed

asking the client to dangle before moving from a reclining position

__________ provide the framework on which muscles, tendons, and ligaments are attached.

bones

While performing passive range-of-motion exercises on the lower extremities of a client with a spinal cord injury, the nurse assesses permanent flexion of the muscles. What term will the nurse use to document this finding related to the muscles? Contractures Tonus Atrophy Ankylosis

contractures

paraplegia

decreased motor and sensory function to the legs

Osteoarthritis

degeneration of the articular surface of weight-bearing joints

ataxia

impaired muscle coordination

Immobility affects the body in many ways. What is one serious effect of immobility on the cardiovascular system?

increased cardiac workload

During range-of-motion exercises, the nurse turns the sole of a client's foot toward the midline and then turns the sole of the foot outward. Which type of movement is this nurse promoting by these actions? internal and external rotation of the ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the ankle flexion and extension of the ankle inversion and eversion of the ankle

inversion and eversion of the ankle

A nurse is assisting a client to ambulate at the health care facility using a walking belt. How does the walking belt assist the client when ambulating? It allows the nurse to support the client. It aids the client in extending the leg. It helps the client to practice ambulating. It enables the client to stand and support body weight.

it allows the nurse to support the client

athetosis

movement characterized by slow, irregular, twisting motions

Tetraplegia

paralysis of all four limbs; quadriplegia

activity intolerance

physical inability to withstand activity

The nurse is preparing the client for the administration of an enema. The nurse will place the client into which position? supine prone Sims Fowler

sims

The nurse is providing health teaching for a client who flies often for business. Which risk factor associated with flying will the nurse emphasize? thrombus formation skeletal contractures pooling of secretions oliguria

thrombus formation

The nurse is working to increase functional ability of a client who is bedbound. Which assistive technique should the nurse prioritize in the plan of care? trapeze bar log rolling pull sheets trochanter rolls

trapeze bar

A __________ is a rhythmic, repetitive movement that can occur at rest or when a movement is initiated that is an alteration in a patient's coordinated, purposeful movement.

tremor

atrophy

wasting away of an organ, muscle, or body tissue