Chapter 25: Mobility
arthroscopy
Direct visualization of a joint by insertion of a scope
A client with paralysis has been prescribed swing-through crutch-walking. Which teaching regarding gait pattern will the nurse provide? 1 one crutch, opposite foot, other crutch, remaining foot 2 one crutch and opposite foot moved in unison, followed by remaining pair 3 both crutches move forward, followed by the weight-bearing leg 4 both crutches are moved forward, one or both legs are advanced beyond crutches
4. both crutches are moved forward, one or both legs are advanced beyond crutches
tremor
A rhythmic, repetitive movement that can occur at rest or when movement is initiated
foot drop
Temporary or permanent plantar flexion due to weakness or paralysis
The nurse moves a client's arm from an outstretched position to a position at the side of his body. What is the term used to describe this type of body movement?
Adduction
anaerobic exercise
Exercise in which muscles cannot extract enough oxygen, and anaerobic pathways are used to provide additional energy for a short time; useful in endurance training
isometric exercise
Exercise involving muscle contraction without a change in muscle length (often occurs against resistance)
aerobic exercise
Exercise that requires oxygen for energy and involves elevation of heart rate for an extended period
body mechanics
Positioning or moving the body to prevent or to correct problems related to activity or immobilization
dangling
Preliminary step to ambulation, especially for patients who may be unable to ambulate initially, which involves sitting on the side of the bed with the legs dependent
contracture
Shortening of a muscle and loss of joint mobility from fibrotic changes in the tissues surrounding the joint
dystonia
Similar to athetosis but usually involves larger areas of the body
chorea
Spontaneous, brief, involuntary muscle twitching of the limbs or facial muscles
spasticity
Sudden, involuntary increase in muscle tone or contractions due to central nervous system lesions
A nurse assesses a client's alignment and documents which data as a normal finding?
The base of support is on the soles of the feet.
A college student fell and sprained his right ankle. The student health health care provider recommends the student use crutches to facilitate healing. What would the nurse teach the student?
The support of the body should be the hands and arms.
flaccidity
Without muscle tone or resistance; decreased muscle tone
DVT
a thrombus originating in the large veins of the legs because of the relatively low velocity of blood flow there
When supporting a patient during leg dangling, the nurse's gluteal and __________ muscles should be tightened to avoid back strain or injury.
abdominal
isotonic exercise
activity that combines muscle contraction with repeated movement
The nurse is caring for a client with postural hypotension. Which nursing intervention is appropriate? using a tilt table to move from supine to standing applying antiembolism stockings before rising asking the client to dangle before moving from a reclining position using a gait belt to quickly get the client out of bed
asking the client to dangle before moving from a reclining position
__________ provide the framework on which muscles, tendons, and ligaments are attached.
bones
While performing passive range-of-motion exercises on the lower extremities of a client with a spinal cord injury, the nurse assesses permanent flexion of the muscles. What term will the nurse use to document this finding related to the muscles? Contractures Tonus Atrophy Ankylosis
contractures
paraplegia
decreased motor and sensory function to the legs
Osteoarthritis
degeneration of the articular surface of weight-bearing joints
ataxia
impaired muscle coordination
Immobility affects the body in many ways. What is one serious effect of immobility on the cardiovascular system?
increased cardiac workload
During range-of-motion exercises, the nurse turns the sole of a client's foot toward the midline and then turns the sole of the foot outward. Which type of movement is this nurse promoting by these actions? internal and external rotation of the ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the ankle flexion and extension of the ankle inversion and eversion of the ankle
inversion and eversion of the ankle
A nurse is assisting a client to ambulate at the health care facility using a walking belt. How does the walking belt assist the client when ambulating? It allows the nurse to support the client. It aids the client in extending the leg. It helps the client to practice ambulating. It enables the client to stand and support body weight.
it allows the nurse to support the client
athetosis
movement characterized by slow, irregular, twisting motions
Tetraplegia
paralysis of all four limbs; quadriplegia
activity intolerance
physical inability to withstand activity
The nurse is preparing the client for the administration of an enema. The nurse will place the client into which position? supine prone Sims Fowler
sims
The nurse is providing health teaching for a client who flies often for business. Which risk factor associated with flying will the nurse emphasize? thrombus formation skeletal contractures pooling of secretions oliguria
thrombus formation
The nurse is working to increase functional ability of a client who is bedbound. Which assistive technique should the nurse prioritize in the plan of care? trapeze bar log rolling pull sheets trochanter rolls
trapeze bar
A __________ is a rhythmic, repetitive movement that can occur at rest or when a movement is initiated that is an alteration in a patient's coordinated, purposeful movement.
tremor
atrophy
wasting away of an organ, muscle, or body tissue