Chapter 26 Wiley
urine moves from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder because of 1. peristalsis 2. gravity 3. hydrostatic pressure 1 2 3 1 and 2 1,2,3,
1,2,3
What is the normal volume of urine produced in humans? 1-2 L/hr 1-2 L/day 2-3 L/hr 3-4 L/week 10 L/24 hours
1-2 L/day
Arrange the following structures in the correct order: 1. Collecting duct 2. Loop of Henle 3. Distal convoluted tubule 4. Glomerulus 1,2,4,3 4,2,3,1 4,3,1,2 2,3,1,4
4,2,3,1
Which INCREASES GFR narrowing the lumen of the afferent arterioles. action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on mesangial cells. increased release of renin. decreased release of nitric oxide by the juxtaglomerular apparatus. production of angiotensin II.
action of atrial natriuretic peptid on mesangial cells
Which is NOT a function of the kidneys regulation of blood pressure production of hormones regulation of blood glucose level regulating blood osmolarity all of these choices are functions of the kidneys
all of these
Which of the following statements is incorrect? Plasma clearance rates vary because substances are resorbed and excreted in differing amounts. Creatine clearance is a close estimate of glomerular filtration rate. Renal plasma clearance of glucose is normally zero. All of these statements are correct.
all of these
What is the major chemical difference between blood plasma and glomerular filtrate? Blood plasma contains protein and normal filtrate does not. Normal filtrate contains protein and blood plasma does not. Normal filtrate contains albumin and sodium and blood plasma does not. Normal filtrate contains potassium and blood plasma does not.
blood plasma contains protein and normal filtrate does not
The macula densa consists of modified columnar epithelial cells that contact the afferent arteriole consists of modified smooth muscle cells consists of contractile cells that can increase the surface area of the glomerular capillaries secretes the enzyme renin is the target for aldosterone
consists of modified columnar epithelial cells that contact the afferent arteriole
The respiratory system in humans controls blood pH by Releasing H+ ions in the exhaled air Releasing bicarbonate ions in exhaled air Controlling the amount of CO2 removed from the blood It has no role in the regulation of blood pH
controlling the amount of CO2 removed from the blood
Increased secretion of hydrogen ions would result in a(n) ______________ of blood ____________? increase, pressure decrease, volume increase, sodium levels decrease, pH increase, urea
decrease, pH
Autoregulation of the rate at which fluid passes from the glomerulus into the nephron tubule is through altering blood flow to the kidney. regulation of the diameter of the collecting tubule. dilation or constriction of the afferent arteriole into the glomerulus. adding or removing sodium chloride in the glomerulus to alter the concentration of the blood.
dilation or constriction of the afferent arteriole into the glomerulus
The kidneys produce two hormones, calcitriol and _____. erythropoietin testosterone calcitonin ADH
erythropoietin
Antidiuretic hormone increases the solute concentration of urine by causing less water to be resorbed T/F
false
Micturition is the involuntary portion of urination. T/F
false
Tubular reabsorption allows some performance enhancing drugs or illegal drugs to pass from the blood into the urine. T/F
false
When determining glomerular filtration rate, the ideal substance to monitor in the urine would be one which is both reabsorbed and secreted. T/F
false
Blood plasma and dissolved substances with molecules that are smaller than most proteins are filtered directly into the renal tubule collecting duct proximal convoluted tubule distal convoluted tubule glomerular capsule
glomerular capsule
Filtered fluid leaving the glomerular capillaries IMMEDIATELY enters the glomerulus proximal convoluted tubule collecting duct glomerular capsule loop of Henle
glomerular capsule
Which is the correct order of filtrate flow? glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), collecting duct nephron loop, glomerular capsule, PCT, DCT, collecting duct ascending limb of loop, PCT, DCT, collecting duct collecting duct, DCT, PCT, collecting duct, glomerular capsule PCT, glomerular capsule, DCT, collecting duct, nephron loop
glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), collecting duct
This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood glomerulus nephron loop ascending limb collecting duct renal tubule
glomerulus
Glomerular filtration rate is decreased by all of the following EXCEPT increased production of angiotensin II. increased secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide. increased stretching of of smooth muscle fibers in afferent arterioles. increased activity of renal sympathetic nerves.
increased secretion of atrial natriurietic peptide
Which of the following is NOT a way angiotensin II affects the kidneys? It increases GFR It can decrease GFR It enhances reabsorption of certain ions It stimulates the release of aldosterone None of these choices
it increases GFR
ADH acts on the ________ to regulate facultative water reabsorption proximal convoluted tubules descending portions of the nephron loop thick and thin segments of the ascending nephron loop early and late distal convoluted tubules late distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts
late distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts
This hormone is released when the blood volume increases parathyroid hormone renin ADH ANP aldosterone
ANP
The portion of the kidney that extends between the renal pyramids is called the renal column renal medulla renal pelvis calyces renal papilla
renal columns
This occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in afferent arterioles. glomerular filtration rate tubulomerular feedback myogenic mechanism renal autoregulation capsular hydrostatic pressure
myogenic mechanism
The lining of the urinary bladder is nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium simple columnar epithelium stratified cuboidal epithelium endothelium none of these choices
none of these
This is a test to measure kidney function. plasma creatine renal study kidney assay dialysis hilus study
plasma creatinine
All of the following are functions of the kidneys EXCEPT assists in maintaining blood pH helps to maintain blood pressure, volume, blood composition removal of worn out red blood cells and pathogens from the blood removal of wastes of metabolism from the blood
removal of worn out red blood cells and pathogens from the blood
Which is NOT True about podocytes their pedicels form filtration slits they make up the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule they are modified simple squamous epithelial cells all of these choices statements about podocytes are true
they make up the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule
Both a myogeneic mechanism and tubuloglomerular feedback are part of renal autoregulation T/F
true
Glomerular filtration is regulated by renal autoregulation, neural regulation and hormonal regulation. T/F
true
Most (90-95%) water and solute reabsorption occurs before the fluid reaches the collecting ducts. T/F
true
The blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is higher than the blood pressure in typical systemic capillaries. T/F
true
The two main parts of the nephron are the renal corpuscle and renal tubule. T/F
true
Tubular reabsorption selectively removes material from the tubular fluid and returns to the blood while tubular secretion removes materials from the blood. T/F
true
The movement of substances from the nephron tubule back into the bloodstream is referred to as tubular reabsorption. nephron replacement. nephron recirculation. tubular secretion.
tubular reabsorption
If the urinary excretion rate of a drug such as penicillin is greater than the rate at which it is filtered at the glomerulus, how else is it getting into the urine? movement through intercellular clefts in the glomerular capillaries active transport blood colloid osmotic pressure tubular reabsorption tubular secretion
tubular secretion
The movement of substances from the bloodstream into the tubular nephron is referred to as tubular secretion. nephron replacement. tubular reabsorption. nephron recirculation.
tubular secretion
Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys? urea glucose insulin cholesterol CO2
urea
Urine produced by the kidneys is transported by the ______ to the urinary bladder where it is stored until being excreted from the body. nephron hepatic portal system ureters urethra
ureters
