Chapter 27

In 1421, Yongle moved the capital of China to a. Beijing. b. Edo. c. Nanjing. d. Guangzhou. e. Kyoto.

a. Beijing.

Which of the following was not an action of the Manchus after conquering China? a. They encouraged intermarriage between Chinese and Manchus. b. They forbade Chinese from learning the Manchurian language. c. They forced Chinese men to grow a queue as a sign of submission. d. They did not allow the Chinese to travel to Manchuria. e. They carefully guarded their own cultural identity.

a. They encouraged intermarriage between Chinese and Manchus.

In regard to ruling philosophy and techniques, the Qing a. followed the same pattern that the Ming had established. b. borrowed Persian techniques. c. relied on the Yuan approach but left out the reliance on terror. d. ignored the Ming approach and instead relied on more familiar Manchurian techniques. e. copied the remarkably successful centralizing techniques of Tokugawa Japan.

a. followed the same pattern that the Ming had established.

According to Confucian tradition the most honorable class among the peasants, artisans, and merchants was the a. peasants. b. artisans. c. soldiers. d. merchants. e. They were all considered to be equal because of their essential roles in supporting China.

a. peasants.

The Dream of the Red Chamber shed light on which of the following? a. scholar-gentry b. peasants c. artisans d. scholar-bureaucrats e. soldiers

a. scholar-gentry

The term "bakufu" means a. tent government. b. mandate of heaven. c. the country at war. d. warrior state. e. land of the one.

a. tent government.

The term "floating worlds" originally related to a. the entertainment and pleasure districts of cities such as Osaka. b. a Japanese attempt to understand the advanced technology as part of the "Dutch learning." c. the Tokugawa emphasis on "alternate residences." d. a Japanese attempt during the "native learning" period to reinstill enthusiasm in Buddhism. e. the Chinese view of heaven.

a. the entertainment and pleasure districts of cities such as Osaka.

With the exception of the emperor and his family, the most exalted members of Chinese society were a. the scholar-bureaucrats. b. the peasants. c. the merchants. d. the army. e. the navy.

a. the scholar-bureaucrats.

By 1750, the population of China had grown to a. 415 million. b. 225 million. c. 100 million. d. 75 million. e. 50 million.

b. 225 million.

The leader who first organized the Manchu into a centralized state was a. Qinglong. b. Nurhaci. c. Kangxi. d. Tokugawa Ieyasu. e. Yongle.

b. Nurhaci.

Which ruler made Vietnam, Burma, and Nepal vassal states of China? a. Yongle b. Qianlong c. Nurhaci d. Hongwu e. Kangxi

b. Qianlong

Which of the following popular novels dealt with the intrigue following the collapse of the Han dynasty? a. Journey to the West b. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms c. The Dream of the Red Chamber d. The Life of a Man Who Lived for Love e. The Sea of Fertility

b. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Matteo Ricci was a. the Italian merchant who spent twenty years with Khubilai Khan and wrote of his adventures. b. a Roman Catholic missionary in China. c. the chief Italian who negotiated trade issues with the Qing emperor Qianlong. d. the Italian explorer who sailed to Japan in the late fifteenth century. e. mainly responsible for the introduction of American crops such as manioc to China.

b. a Roman Catholic missionary in China.

The term "native learning" relates to a. the opinion held by Chinese scholars that Japanese culture was crude and uncivilized. b. a growing Japanese emphasis on indigenous traditions. c. a Japanese desire to discover the original, or "native," ideals of Confucianism. d. the European view that Japanese concepts such as Shintoism were actually holding the Japanese back. e. the opinion held by Japanese scholars that European culture was crude and uncivilized.

b. a growing Japanese emphasis on indigenous traditions.

Which of the following was not one of the accomplishments of the Chinese clans? a. providing educational opportunities for poor relatives b. bringing the different social classes in the clan up to equality with the gentry c. maintaining local order d. organizing local economies e. making provision for welfare

b. bringing the different social classes in the clan up to equality with the gentry

In 1600, Tokugawa Ieyasu a. started a centuries-long civil war that tore Japan apart. b. finished the process of unifying Japan. c. fought off an attempted Chinese invasion. d. founded the Qing dynasty. e. implemented "Dutch learning" in an attempt to modernize Japan.

b. finished the process of unifying Japan.

Matteo Ricci and other Europeans discovered that they were more successful in their negotiations with the Chinese if they presented them with a. African slaves. b. mechanical clocks. c. cannons and other advanced artillery. d. signed Bibles. e. silver bars.

b. mechanical clocks.

The practice of foot binding a. was a Yuan form of torture that was copied during the Ming and Qing dynasties. b. represented the increasing subjugation of women during the Qing dynasty. c. was imported from India. d. expressed the growing freedom of women in Qing China to follow urban fashion trends. e. prevented Chinese prisoners from escaping during huge government-sponsored work projects

b. represented the increasing subjugation of women during the Qing dynasty.

In an effort to stabilize China internally, the Ming emperors a. accepted the Yuan traditions that had been in place for a century. b. stressed Chinese traditions from the era before the Mongol Yuan dynasty. c. followed the more successful Indian centralization model. d. adopted the methods used by the powerful early modern European states. e. copied the centralizing techniques that had proved so successful in Japan.

b. stressed Chinese traditions from the era before the Mongol Yuan dynasty.

Zhu Xi was a. the author of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. b. the foremost scholar of neo-Confucianism. c. the Ming emperor who refused to see his advisers for years on end. d. the most powerful Qing emperor. e. the leading Chinese Christian missionary.

b. the foremost scholar of neo-Confucianism.

The author of The Life of a Man Who Lived for Love was a. Tokugawa Ieyasu. b. Bunraku Ukiyo. c. Ihara Saikaku. d. Matteo Ricci. e. Zheng He.

c. Ihara Saikaku.

In 1368 the Ming dynasty replaced the __________ dynasty. a. Song b. Qing c. Yuan d. Tang e. Qin

c. Yuan

The phrase "Son of Heaven" refers to a. the near godlike status that the Jesuit Matteo Ricci reached in China. b. the explanation for the incredible appeal of Christianity in Japan. c. the Chinese emperor's role in maintaining order on the earth. d. the belief that the Japanese emperors were direct descendents of the sun goddess Amatarasu. e. the syncretic Christian-Buddhist religion.

c. the Chinese emperor's role in maintaining order on the earth.

The Manchus called their dynasty Qing, which meant a. "northern conqueror." b. "brilliant." c. "floating world." d. "pure." e. "the chosen."

d. "pure."

The Ming dynasty was founded by a. Qinglong. b. Shihuangdi. c. Yongle. d. Hongwu. e. Kangxi.

d. Hongwu.

Taiwan was conquered by a. Hongwu. b. Wanli. c. Qianlong. d. Kangxi. e. Hongwu.

d. Kangxi

The process known as "thinning out the rice shoots" refers to a. an agricultural innovation introduced by the Chinese. b. the Chinese decision to reduce the number of visiting Korean students. c. the Japanese decision to follow the Chinese tradition of limiting governmental positions. d. a Japanese attempt to limit population growth. e. a Japanese attempt to reduce the number of foreigners living in Japan.

d. a Japanese attempt to limit population growth. infanticide

One of the results of the peace brought by the Tokugawa period was a. a tremendous growth in European trade. b. an even greater political role for the samurai. c. the tripling of the Japanese population between 1600 and 1850. d. a reduction in status for the samurai and daimyo. e. a resurgence in daimyo authority.

d. a reduction in status for the samurai and daimyo.

The Chinese were hesitant to convert to Christianity because a. of Matteo Ricci's refusal to respect Chinese traditions. b. by that time Islam had already made important inroads into China. c. of what had happened to Korea when they converted to Christianity. d. of Christianity's exclusivity concerning other beliefs such as Daoism and Buddhism. e. of the monotheistic traditions of Confucianism.

d. of Christianity's exclusivity concerning other beliefs such as Daoism and Buddhism.

Foreign trade during the Qing dynasty a. was carried out exclusively with the Europeans. b. was actively supported by the government and grew much larger than ever before. c. was based on free market principles. d. was limited and under tight governmental control. e. was fueled by the payment of valuable Chinese silver in return for imports.

d. was limited and under tight governmental control.

In founding his new dynasty, Hongwu chose the name Ming, which meant a. "all-powerful." b. "mandate of heaven." c. "center of the universe." d. "son of heaven." e. "brilliant."

e. "brilliant."

Who sought to convert China to Christianity? a. Zhu Xi. b. Qianlong. c. Ihara Saikaku. d. Basho Matsuo. e. Matteo Ricci.

e. Matteo Ricci.

After the arrival of the Europeans, a. the east Asian societies quickly fell under indirect European economic control. b. the rapid spread of Christianity threatened the very survival of Buddhism. c. the east Asian societies immediately fell under direct European control. d. the east Asian societies quickly copied the ways of the more advanced Europeans. e. east Asian societies largely controlled their own affairs until the nineteenth century.

e. east Asian societies largely controlled their own affairs until the nineteenth century.

Beginning in the 1630s and enduring for the next two centuries, Japanese foreign policy included all of the following except a. forbidding Japanese travel overseas. b. a prohibition on the construction of ships. c. a ban on the importation of foreign books. d. careful control of trade with Asian lands. e. open, vibrant trade with Europeans.

e. open, vibrant trade with Europeans.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, a. women achieved a level of equality and freedom never seen before in Chinese history. b. women had many more literary and cultural opportunities than ever before. c. the role of women was fashioned after the prevailing pattern in Japan. d. the greater freedom for women was a reflection of European influence. e. patriarchal authority over females became tighter than ever before.

e. patriarchal authority over females became tighter than ever before.

Daimyo were a. Buddhist monks. b. women writers. c. warriors. d. Japanese Christian missionaries. e. powerful Japanese territorial lords.

e. powerful Japanese territorial lords.

China fell behind technologically during the Ming and Qing dynasties because a. of the collapse of the civil service examination system. b. the Europeans refused to share their advanced technology with the Chinese. c. of a massive Qing-forced exile of intellectuals as part of a governmental crackdown. d. of the efforts of an ingenious Japanese spy network. e. the governments favored political and social stability over technological innovation.

e. the governments favored political and social stability over technological innovation.