chapter 27 the fetal heart and chest

the normal heart will fill approximately of the fetal chest

1/3

the fetal heart is fully formed by

10 weeks

fetal lung maturity can be assessed using the

LS ratio

eventration of the diaphragm is best described as

Lack of muscle in dome of diaphragm

what is an opening within the septum that separates the right and left ventricles?

VSD

which of the following is considered to be the most common cardiac defect? -hypoplastic rt heart syndrome -transposition of the great vessesls -hypoplastic lt heart syndrome -VSD

VSD

the mitral valve is located

between left atrium and left ventricle

the tricuspid valve is located

between right atrium and right ventricle

the narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative of

coarctation of the aorta

the most common cause of cardiac malposition is

diaphragmatic hernia

the visualization of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicative of

diaphragmatic hernia

what is the fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch?

ductus arteriosis

what structure shunts blood into the IVC from the umbilical vein?

ductus venosus

the condition in which the heart is located outside the chest wall is termed

ectopic cordis

a coexisting pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of

fetal hydrops

the most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the

foramen of bochdalek

what is the opening located right anteromedially within the diaphragm?

foramen of morgagni

what is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial septum?

foramen ovale

all of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of Cantrell except: -omphalocele -gastroschisis -cleft sternum -diaphragmatic defect

gastroschisis

a group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent left ventricle is:

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

a group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent right ventricle is?

hypoplastic right heart syndrome

the blood returning from the lungs through the pulmonary veins enters into the

left atrium

an EIF is most often seen within the

left ventricle

tetralogy of fallot consists of all of the following except: -overriding aortic root -VSD -pulmonary stenosis -left ventricular hypertrophy

left ventricular hypertrophy

all of the following are sonographic signs of Ebstein anomaly except: -enlarged right atrium -fetal hydrops -narrowing of the aortic arch -malpositioned tricuspid valve

narrowing of the aortic arch

the accumulation of fluid around the lungs is termed

pleural effusion

the sonographic "bat-wing" sign is indicative of

pleural effusion

what is described as the absence of the pulmonary valve, which in turn prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and essentially to the lungs?

pulmonary atresia

what is the term for underdevelopment of the lungs?

pulmonary hypoplasia

a separate mass of nonfunctioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as

pulmonary sequestration

the most common fetal cardiac tumor is the

rhabdomyoma

the moderator band is located within the

right ventricle

which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels? -the aortic arch is narrowed and positioned anterior to the pulmonary vein -the aorta arises from the rt ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle -the aorta arises from the left ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricles

the aorta arises from the rt ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle

which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart? -the apex of the heart is the portion closest to the spine -the chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium -the normal fetal heart will fill approx. two-third of the fetal chest

the chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium

which of the following is not a true statement about the normal fetal heart? -the mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve -between the rt ventricle and the rt atrium, one should visualize the tricuspid valve -there is a normal opening within the atrial septum

the mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve

which statement is true concerning fetal outflow tracts? -the normal pulmonary artery should be positioned posterior to the aorta and should be visualized passing under it. -the normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it. -the left ventricular outflow leads to the pulmonary artery

the normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it

the most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is a(n)

triangular, echogenic mass within the chest

an EIF would most likely be associated with

trisomy 21

which of the following are fetal rhabdomyomas associated with? -tracheoesophageal fistulas -tuberous sclerosis -eventration of the diaphragm -tuberculosis

tuberous sclerosis

the embryonic heart begins as

two tubes