Chapter 28 APUSH

Forest Reserve Act

1891 law, authorizing the president to set aside public forests as national parks and other Reserves for the public good. 46 million acres of magnificent trees were rescued from the lumberman's saw in the 1890s.

Muller v. Oregon

1908 - Supreme Court upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health

Lincoln Steffens

A famous Muckraker, this man published "The Shame of the Cities" in "McClure's" Magazine, an article exposing corrupt alliances between corporations and local governments.

Ida Tarbell

A famous Muckraker, this woman published a devastating but factual exposé about the Standard Oil Company.

Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire

A horrific incident involving a fire that erupted in a locked factory, killing dozens. This case had the effect of increasing government regulation of factory safety conditions.

Lochner v. New York

A setback for progressivists, it was ruled in this case that a law enforcing a 10-hour work day for bakers was unconstitutional.

Anthracite Coal Mine Strike

A strike organized by the United Mine Workers of America that took place in Pennsylvania. Notable for Roosevelt's forcing of the coal corporations to cooperate with the strikers.

Meat Inspection Act

An act passed which allowed the Federal Government to inspect and ensure the quality of meat products in the United States.

Pure Food and Drug Act

An act which called for the regulation of consumer products to prevent false advertising.

Newlands ACT

An act which took federal funds that were collected from national land sales and put them to use funding large-scale irrigation projects.

Desert Land Act

An act which was passed to encourage the development of agriculture in the more arid locations of the Western United States.

Jacob A Riis, How the other half lives

Danish immigrant Jacob A. Riis, a reporter for the New York Sun, shocked middle-class Americans in 1890 with How the Other Half Lives. His account was a damning indictment of the dirt, disease, vice, and misery of the rat-gnawed human rookeries known as New York slums. The book deeply influenced a future: New York City police commissioner, Theodore Roosevelt.

Department of Commerce and LAbor

Department established by Roosevelt to deal with domestic economic affairs. Later split into two departments for better management.

Hiram W. Johnson

Fought for railroad regulation in California helped to break the dominant grip of the Southern Pacific Railroad on California politics in 1910.

The Sierra Club

Founded in 1892, dedicated itself to preserving the wildness of the western landscape. But it was more than a major group, it was also politically active in the conservation movement.

National Consumer League

Group led by Florence Kelly to force retainers for better wages and working conditions.

"Dollar Diplomacy"

President Taft's policy of using economic interests as an inconspicuous way to bind other nations to the US.

Robert M. La Follete

Progressive Republican Governor of Wisconsin, this man wrested control from the corporations and gave it back to the people.

Florence Kelley

Reformer who worked to prohibit child labor and to improve conditions for female workers.

Boy Scouts of America

Scouts founded in 1910. Its goal is to train the youth in responsible citizenship, character development, and self-reliance through participation in a wide range of outdoor activities. It became the country's largest youth organization.

Muckrakers

Sensationalist journalists in the 20th century who used their public influence to reveal corporate corruption. The term was first given to them by Theodore Roosevelt.

Elkins Act

Strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 by imposing heavy fines on railroads offering rebates and on the shippers accepting them.

William Howard Taft

Successor of Roosevelt; Different views than Teddy, but still a progressivist; Passed Sixteenth Amendment.

Ballinger-Pinchot affair

Taft cabinet members who had fought over conservation efforts and how much effort and money should be put into conserving national resources.

Northern Securities Company

The Northern Securities Company was a holding company in 1902. The company was forced to dissolve after they were challenged by Roosevelt, his first trust-bust.

Square Deal

The principle of Theodore Roosevelt's program that embraced three C's: control of the corporations, consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources.

Progressivism

These were members of a reform movement. They were against monopoly, corruption, inefficiency, and social injustice. Their purpose was "to use government as an agency of human welfare." The cure for the ills of American democracy, they earnestly believed, was more democracy.

Upton Sinclair, The Jungle

United States writer whose novels argued for social reform (1878-1968)... exposed the meat factories

Hepburn Act

restricted railroad "free passes" and expanded the Interstate Commerce Commission to include in its powers the prosecution of express companies, sleeping-car companies, and pipelines. For the first time gave the ICC that ability to nullify existing rates and set maximum rates.