Chapter 24 Digestive System

function of pharynx

Breathing, swallowing, and protection

Which of the following would occur in an individual if they had their stomach removed?

Difficulty absorbing vitamin B12

True of False In the cephalic phase of gastric regulation action potentials are sent from the medulla oblongata along parasympathetic neurons within the glossopharyngeal nerves to the stomach.

False

True of False Most of the nervous control of the digestive tract is local, but what is under general control is mediated mainly by the sympathetic division of the ANS.

False

Function of oral cavity

Ingestion, mastication, and digestion

Which of the following inhibits the secretion of the gastric glands?

Low pH in the duodenum

Function of small intestine

Neutralization, digestion, and excretion

Function of Bicarbonate ions

Neutralizes acid

Function of esophagus

Propulsion and protection

function of large intestine

Storage, absorption, and elimination

Function of stomach

Storage, digestion, and absorption

What is ascites?

The excess accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

True or False Normally three or four times a day, the transverse and descending colon undergo several strong contractions called mass movements.

True

True or False The enteric nervous system is an extensive network of the submucosal and myenteric plexuses within the walls of the digestive tract.

True

The __________ cells of the mucosa have microvilli and digestive enzymes on their surface.

absorptive

The pancreatic islets

are endocrine in function.

If the cystic duct was blocked by a gallstone,

bile would not be able to pass from the gallbladder to the small intestine.

Shortly after a meal, the gallbladder contracts in response to stimulation by ________

cholecystokinin

function of pancreatic lipase

digest lipids

function of pancreatic amylase

digests carbohydrates

Function of trypsin

digests protein

Chylomicrons move out of intestinal epithelial cells by ____

exocytosis

Which of the following is not a major function of the liver?

filtering the blood

Mass movements in the colon are stimulated by

food in the stomach and chyme in the duodenum.

The _____________ phase of gastric regulation is initiated when acidic chyme enters the duodenum and stimulates the secretion of hormones and local reflexes that inhibit gastric activity.

intestinal

Abdominal organs that lie against the body wall and have no mesenteries are said to be __________

retroperitoneal

The oral cavity secretes _________, which neutralizes bacterial acids, flushes bacteria from the oral cavity, and has weak antibacterial activity.

serous saliva

Segmental contractions are mixing contractions that occur predominantly in the _________

small intestine