SPCH 1315
Object Speech
A speech about something tangible
Primary research is original research and involves ______.
collecting first-hand data
Culture is the system of knowledge, beliefs, values, attitudes, behaviors, and artifacts that we learn, accept, and use in daily life.
True
The cause-and-effect order concentrates on how the audience may feel about the speech.
False
Infographic
A composite of information, illustration, and design
Explanations
Clarifying words
Speeches about objects fall under three organizational formats ______.
topical, spatial, and chronological
An effective speaker who is sensitive to cultural differences ______.
will be mindful not to offend audience members of different backgrounds
It is believed that audiences process more than ______ of all information through the sense of sight.
80 percent
Bar Graph
A type of graph used to compare or contrast two or more items or groups
Chart
A visual aid used to compress or summarize a large amount of information
Literal Analogy
An analogy comparing two things from similar classes
Information Underload
Being given too little information; underestimating the amount of information needed
Information Overload
Being given too much information to process or handle
High-Context Communication
Communication that avoids confrontation; communication that relies on indirect messages
Low-Context Communication
Communication that is direct and addresses issues head-on
Ethical Communication
Communication that presents ideas fairly; the revealing of information receivers need to assess both the message and speaker critically
______ are especially useful when your audience members are unfamiliar with the way you are using key terms.
Definitions
______ communication is reflective not only of your best interests, but also the best interests of others.
Ethical
Hypothetical Examples
Examples that have not actually occurred but might
A speaker should not tell the audience when an example is hypothetical because this will lessen their credibility.
False
After selecting an object for your topic, you then focus on the general purpose of your topic instead of a specific one.
False
An analogy has the same meaning as definition.
False
If using a "human visual," the speaker must keep the person accessible at all times.
False
Interviewing someone with special knowledge on your topic will eliminate the need to do additional research.
False
When preparing a presentation, you should start by following the rule of three to one, which means you should have at least one source for every three minutes of your presentation. Score: 0 of 1
False
Which type of graph should be used to show trends over time?
Line
Statistics
Numbers summarizing a group of observations
Restatement
Rephrasing an idea in different words to more fully explain it
Secondary Research
Research carried out with existing data, such as published statistics, texts, and articles by experts, together with media and personal documents
Repetition
Restatement of the exact same words
______ includes published statistics, texts and articles by experts, and media and personal documents.
Secondary research
Abstraction
Something that is vague; language that is neither concrete nor specific
Linear Formats
Speech formats by which the main points relate to the topic sentence
Ethical Speechmaking
Speech that involves the responsible handling of information and an awareness of the outcomes or consequences of a speech
Definitions
Statements used to clarify the meaning of words and concepts
Human Visual Aid
The use of a real person as a visual or audio aid
Peer Testimony
Testimony provided by lay or ordinary people who possess firsthand experience on a subject
Expert Testimony
Testimony provided by sources recognized as authorities on the topic
Plagiarism
The deliberate or accidental claiming of another's words or ideas as one's own
Cultural Identity
The internalization of culturally appropriate beliefs, values, and roles acquired through interacting with members of a cultural group; a product of group membership
Critical Thinking
The process of arriving at a judgment only after an honest evaluation of alternatives; the exhibiting of careful and deliberate evaluation of a claim
Cultural Diversity
The recognition and valuing of difference
When using a spatial format you are free to discuss one major component of the object at a time.
True
A person's own experiences can serve as personal research and enhance their credibility.
True
A post-interview review will allow you to review information from the interview.
True
Graphs
Visual aids that are designed to communicate statistical information, illustrate trends, and/or demonstrate patterns
Drawings And Maps
Visual aids used to illustrate differences, movements, or geographic information
A ______ is a website whose content is composed and edited by members of the public, and as such, its use should be limited.
Wiki
Descriptions
Words that evoke fresh imagery or sensory response
A ______ format is used when explaining how a design or phenomenon evolved over time.
chronological
Audience members appreciate it when presentations ______.
combine oral and visual language
A figurative analogy ______.
compares two things that have little in common
A speech about an event focuses on something that ______.
happens regularly
Hypothetical examples are examples of things that ______.
have not actually occurred
The cause-and-effect order and effect-and-cause order can be used in ______.
informative and persuasive speeches
A problem-solution organizational pattern helps the speaker ______.
persuade the audience
"Why did you make that decision?" would be an example of a/an ______ question.
probing
Range, mean, median, and mode are all examples of ______.
statistics
Chronological order explains ______.
the order in which events happened
Wiki
A collaborative website whose content is composed and edited by members of the public
Narrative Pattern
A configural format in which the speaker tells a story or series of stories without stating a thesis or identifying main points
Web Pattern
A configural format in which threads of thought refer back to the speaker's central purpose
Overt Lie
A deliberate lie; a distortion of the facts
Concrete
A description attributed to words that evoke precise meaning; language that is free of jargon
Line Graph
A graph that shows trends over time
Pie Graph
A graph used to illustrate percentages of a whole or distribution patterns
Co-Culture
A group of people who share a culture outside of the dominant culture
Marginalized Group
A group whose members feel like outsiders
Deferred-Thesis Pattern
A kind of configural format in which the main points of a speech gradually build to the speaker's thesis
Probing Question
A question that seeks more information
Speakers from Asian countries tend to speak directly on an issue, reflecting low-context communication.
False
Pictograph
A simplified infographic; a pictorial representation of a graph's subject
Event/Person Speech
A speech designed around a remarkable person or compelling event
Process/Procedure And Demonstration Speech
A speech designed to convey how something works or how to do something
Informative Speech
A speech designed to impart new information, a new skill, or a fresh way of thinking about something
Figurative Analogy
An analogy comparing two things that are distinctively dissimilar
Ethics
An exploration of how values distinguish actions; a society's notions about the rightness and wrongness of behavior
Narrative
An extended example or illustration; a story describing what people are doing and why
Chronological Order
An organizational format based around time or the order in which things happen
Problem-Solution Order
An organizational format that divides information into two main parts, the problem and its solution
Spatial Order
An organizational framework that uses space as the means of arrangement
Topical Order
An organizational pattern composed of a series of topics related to the subject
Cause-And-Effect Order
An organizational pattern in which information is categorized according to whether it is related to a problem's causes or effects
Covert Lie
An unspoken lie; a lie designed to conceal sensitive information that needs to be said but isn't
Presentation Aids
Audio and visual stimuli that support and enhance speech content
Inviting the audience to participate in your presentation is not suggested because of the risk of unanticipated outcomes.
False
It is okay to use visual aids that could potentially be dangerous as long as you provide a warning to the audience.
False
North Americans are often uncomfortable addressing an issue directly using high-context communication.
False
Photographs and color copies not effective visual aids.
False
Probing questions are too personal and should be avoided.
False
______ are composites of information, illustration, and design.
Line graphs
Configural Formats
Listener-responsible organizational formats in which examples and stories carry the crux of a message
Primary Research
Original research involving the collection of firsthand data
Lay Testimony
Peer testimony, the opinions of "ordinary people"
Culture
The system of knowledge, beliefs, values, attitudes, behavior, and artifacts that the members of a society learn, accept, and use in daily life
Testimony
The use of opinions of others to support positions the speaker is taking or to reinforce claims the speaker is making
Computer-Generated Graphics
The use of technology in creating graphics
A speaker's ability to recognize and value differences is known as Cultural Diversity.
True
A subdivision of a topical speech, a mnemonic is a device with words that can be used to trigger memory.
True
An audience is likely to accept literal analogies if the things being compared are similar.
True
An audience will connect with a speaker if they are convinced that the presentation is of relevance to them.
True
Any examples you use in your speech should serve to reinforce, clarify, and personalize your ideas and relate directly to your listeners.
True
Changing demographics that affect our social and cultural landscape will eventually have an influence on the speech topics you select.
True
During the interview, open questions give the interviewee a chance to provide more than just one-word answers.
True
Explanations and descriptions should clarify and illuminate your speech topic for the audience.
True
In the deferred-thesis pattern, the main points of a speech gradually build up to the speaker's thesis.
True
Presentation aids can help audiences understand and retain more of a speaker's message.
True
Speakers should be aware that audience members may have a different understanding of the ideas, concepts, or words used based on personal experiences.
True
The purpose of the speech should dictate which presentation aids are best.
True
Topical order will allow a speaker to arrange material into a series of appropriate topics.
True
Visual aids should add credibility and drama to the presentation.
True
With a problem-solution format, a speaker may also discuss the advantages of a solution.
True
A marginalized group is ______.
a group whose members feel like outsiders
Cultural identity defines the ______.
beliefs, values, and roles acquired through interacting with members of our cultural group
Critical thinkers are those who ______
do not accept information without weighing its value
A speech in which the main points relate directly to the thesis or topic uses ______.
linear organization
The purpose of presentation aids is to reinforce ______.
not replace, your spoken word
A/an ______ can cover anything tangible—a machine, building, structure, place, or phenomenon.
object speech
In a speech with technical words, or words with two or more meanings, it is the speaker's responsibility to ______.
provide definitions
The principle of ______ is used by the speaker to help the audience remember the message of the speech.
redundancy
Reusing the exact same words is called ______.
repetition