SPCH 1315

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Object Speech

A speech about something tangible

Primary research is original research and involves ______.

collecting first-hand data

Culture is the system of knowledge, beliefs, values, attitudes, behaviors, and artifacts that we learn, accept, and use in daily life.

True

The cause-and-effect order concentrates on how the audience may feel about the speech.

False

Infographic

A composite of information, illustration, and design

Explanations

Clarifying words

Speeches about objects fall under three organizational formats ______.

topical, spatial, and chronological

An effective speaker who is sensitive to cultural differences ______.

will be mindful not to offend audience members of different backgrounds

It is believed that audiences process more than ______ of all information through the sense of sight.

80 percent

Bar Graph

A type of graph used to compare or contrast two or more items or groups

Chart

A visual aid used to compress or summarize a large amount of information

Literal Analogy

An analogy comparing two things from similar classes

Information Underload

Being given too little information; underestimating the amount of information needed

Information Overload

Being given too much information to process or handle

High-Context Communication

Communication that avoids confrontation; communication that relies on indirect messages

Low-Context Communication

Communication that is direct and addresses issues head-on

Ethical Communication

Communication that presents ideas fairly; the revealing of information receivers need to assess both the message and speaker critically

______ are especially useful when your audience members are unfamiliar with the way you are using key terms.

Definitions

______ communication is reflective not only of your best interests, but also the best interests of others.

Ethical

Hypothetical Examples

Examples that have not actually occurred but might

A speaker should not tell the audience when an example is hypothetical because this will lessen their credibility.

False

After selecting an object for your topic, you then focus on the general purpose of your topic instead of a specific one.

False

An analogy has the same meaning as definition.

False

If using a "human visual," the speaker must keep the person accessible at all times.

False

Interviewing someone with special knowledge on your topic will eliminate the need to do additional research.

False

When preparing a presentation, you should start by following the rule of three to one, which means you should have at least one source for every three minutes of your presentation. Score: 0 of 1

False

Which type of graph should be used to show trends over time?

Line

Statistics

Numbers summarizing a group of observations

Restatement

Rephrasing an idea in different words to more fully explain it

Secondary Research

Research carried out with existing data, such as published statistics, texts, and articles by experts, together with media and personal documents

Repetition

Restatement of the exact same words

______ includes published statistics, texts and articles by experts, and media and personal documents.

Secondary research

Abstraction

Something that is vague; language that is neither concrete nor specific

Linear Formats

Speech formats by which the main points relate to the topic sentence

Ethical Speechmaking

Speech that involves the responsible handling of information and an awareness of the outcomes or consequences of a speech

Definitions

Statements used to clarify the meaning of words and concepts

Human Visual Aid

The use of a real person as a visual or audio aid

Peer Testimony

Testimony provided by lay or ordinary people who possess firsthand experience on a subject

Expert Testimony

Testimony provided by sources recognized as authorities on the topic

Plagiarism

The deliberate or accidental claiming of another's words or ideas as one's own

Cultural Identity

The internalization of culturally appropriate beliefs, values, and roles acquired through interacting with members of a cultural group; a product of group membership

Critical Thinking

The process of arriving at a judgment only after an honest evaluation of alternatives; the exhibiting of careful and deliberate evaluation of a claim

Cultural Diversity

The recognition and valuing of difference

When using a spatial format you are free to discuss one major component of the object at a time.

True

A person's own experiences can serve as personal research and enhance their credibility.

True

A post-interview review will allow you to review information from the interview.

True

Graphs

Visual aids that are designed to communicate statistical information, illustrate trends, and/or demonstrate patterns

Drawings And Maps

Visual aids used to illustrate differences, movements, or geographic information

A ______ is a website whose content is composed and edited by members of the public, and as such, its use should be limited.

Wiki

Descriptions

Words that evoke fresh imagery or sensory response

A ______ format is used when explaining how a design or phenomenon evolved over time.

chronological

Audience members appreciate it when presentations ______.

combine oral and visual language

A figurative analogy ______.

compares two things that have little in common

A speech about an event focuses on something that ______.

happens regularly

Hypothetical examples are examples of things that ______.

have not actually occurred

The cause-and-effect order and effect-and-cause order can be used in ______.

informative and persuasive speeches

A problem-solution organizational pattern helps the speaker ______.

persuade the audience

"Why did you make that decision?" would be an example of a/an ______ question.

probing

Range, mean, median, and mode are all examples of ______.

statistics

Chronological order explains ______.

the order in which events happened

Wiki

A collaborative website whose content is composed and edited by members of the public

Narrative Pattern

A configural format in which the speaker tells a story or series of stories without stating a thesis or identifying main points

Web Pattern

A configural format in which threads of thought refer back to the speaker's central purpose

Overt Lie

A deliberate lie; a distortion of the facts

Concrete

A description attributed to words that evoke precise meaning; language that is free of jargon

Line Graph

A graph that shows trends over time

Pie Graph

A graph used to illustrate percentages of a whole or distribution patterns

Co-Culture

A group of people who share a culture outside of the dominant culture

Marginalized Group

A group whose members feel like outsiders

Deferred-Thesis Pattern

A kind of configural format in which the main points of a speech gradually build to the speaker's thesis

Probing Question

A question that seeks more information

Speakers from Asian countries tend to speak directly on an issue, reflecting low-context communication.

False

Pictograph

A simplified infographic; a pictorial representation of a graph's subject

Event/Person Speech

A speech designed around a remarkable person or compelling event

Process/Procedure And Demonstration Speech

A speech designed to convey how something works or how to do something

Informative Speech

A speech designed to impart new information, a new skill, or a fresh way of thinking about something

Figurative Analogy

An analogy comparing two things that are distinctively dissimilar

Ethics

An exploration of how values distinguish actions; a society's notions about the rightness and wrongness of behavior

Narrative

An extended example or illustration; a story describing what people are doing and why

Chronological Order

An organizational format based around time or the order in which things happen

Problem-Solution Order

An organizational format that divides information into two main parts, the problem and its solution

Spatial Order

An organizational framework that uses space as the means of arrangement

Topical Order

An organizational pattern composed of a series of topics related to the subject

Cause-And-Effect Order

An organizational pattern in which information is categorized according to whether it is related to a problem's causes or effects

Covert Lie

An unspoken lie; a lie designed to conceal sensitive information that needs to be said but isn't

Presentation Aids

Audio and visual stimuli that support and enhance speech content

Inviting the audience to participate in your presentation is not suggested because of the risk of unanticipated outcomes.

False

It is okay to use visual aids that could potentially be dangerous as long as you provide a warning to the audience.

False

North Americans are often uncomfortable addressing an issue directly using high-context communication.

False

Photographs and color copies not effective visual aids.

False

Probing questions are too personal and should be avoided.

False

______ are composites of information, illustration, and design.

Line graphs

Configural Formats

Listener-responsible organizational formats in which examples and stories carry the crux of a message

Primary Research

Original research involving the collection of firsthand data

Lay Testimony

Peer testimony, the opinions of "ordinary people"

Culture

The system of knowledge, beliefs, values, attitudes, behavior, and artifacts that the members of a society learn, accept, and use in daily life

Testimony

The use of opinions of others to support positions the speaker is taking or to reinforce claims the speaker is making

Computer-Generated Graphics

The use of technology in creating graphics

A speaker's ability to recognize and value differences is known as Cultural Diversity.

True

A subdivision of a topical speech, a mnemonic is a device with words that can be used to trigger memory.

True

An audience is likely to accept literal analogies if the things being compared are similar.

True

An audience will connect with a speaker if they are convinced that the presentation is of relevance to them.

True

Any examples you use in your speech should serve to reinforce, clarify, and personalize your ideas and relate directly to your listeners.

True

Changing demographics that affect our social and cultural landscape will eventually have an influence on the speech topics you select.

True

During the interview, open questions give the interviewee a chance to provide more than just one-word answers.

True

Explanations and descriptions should clarify and illuminate your speech topic for the audience.

True

In the deferred-thesis pattern, the main points of a speech gradually build up to the speaker's thesis.

True

Presentation aids can help audiences understand and retain more of a speaker's message.

True

Speakers should be aware that audience members may have a different understanding of the ideas, concepts, or words used based on personal experiences.

True

The purpose of the speech should dictate which presentation aids are best.

True

Topical order will allow a speaker to arrange material into a series of appropriate topics.

True

Visual aids should add credibility and drama to the presentation.

True

With a problem-solution format, a speaker may also discuss the advantages of a solution.

True

A marginalized group is ______.

a group whose members feel like outsiders

Cultural identity defines the ______.

beliefs, values, and roles acquired through interacting with members of our cultural group

Critical thinkers are those who ______

do not accept information without weighing its value

A speech in which the main points relate directly to the thesis or topic uses ______.

linear organization

The purpose of presentation aids is to reinforce ______.

not replace, your spoken word

A/an ______ can cover anything tangible—a machine, building, structure, place, or phenomenon.

object speech

In a speech with technical words, or words with two or more meanings, it is the speaker's responsibility to ______.

provide definitions

The principle of ______ is used by the speaker to help the audience remember the message of the speech.

redundancy

Reusing the exact same words is called ______.

repetition


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