Chapter 28 Hematologic

Which cell of hematopoiesis is responsible for the production of red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets?

Myeloid stem cell

While caring for a client, the nurse notes petechiae on the client's trunk and lower extremities. What precaution will the nurse take when caring for this client?

Use an electric razor when assisting client with shaving.

Vitamin B and folic acid deficiencies are characterized by production of abnormally large erythrocytes called

megaloblasts

A patient will need a blood transfusion for the replacement of blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract. The patient states, "That stuff isn't safe!" What is the best response from the nurse?

"I understand your concern. The blood is carefully screened but is not completely risk free."

A client seeks medical attention for the spontaneous development of bruises over the arms and legs. Which laboratory tests will the nurse anticipate being prescribed for this client?

Complete blood count International normalized ratio Activated partial prothrombin time

The nurse is instructing the client with polycythemia vera how to perform isometric exercises such as contracting and relaxing the quadriceps and gluteal muscle during periods of inactivity. What does the nurse understand is the rationale for this type of exercise?

Contraction of skeletal muscle compresses the walls of veins and increases the circulation of venous blood as it returns to the heart.

A patient with chronic kidney disease is being examined by the nurse practitioner for anemia. The nurse has reviewed the laboratory data for hemoglobin and RBC count. What other test results would the nurse anticipate observing?

Decreased level of erythropoietin

During a blood transfusion with packed red blood cells (RBCs), a client reports chills, low back pain, and nausea. What priority action should the nurse take?

Discontinue the infusion immediately and maintain the IV line with normal saline solution using new IV tubing

A client receiving a blood transfusion reports shortness of breath, appears anxious, and has a pulse of 125 beats/minute. What is the best action for the nurse to take after stopping the transfusion and awaiting further instruction from the health care provider?

Ensure there is an oxygen delivery device at the bedside.

A patient is undergoing platelet pheresis at the outpatient clinic. What does the nurse know is the most likely clinical disorder the patient is being treated for?

Essential thrombocythemia

A client wants to donate blood before his or her abdominal surgery next week. What should be the nurse's first action?

Explain the time frame needed for autologous donation.

Which term refers to the percentage of blood volume that consists of erythrocytes?

Hematocrit

The nurse is caring for a client who has a unit of whole blood removed every 6 weeks as treatment for polycythemia vera. Which laboratory test will the nurse monitor to determine if the procedure is adversely affecting the client?

Iron

A patient who has long-term packed RBC (PRBC) transfusions has developed symptoms of iron toxicity that affect liver function. What immediate treatment should the nurse anticipate preparing the patient for that can help prevent organ damage?

Iron chelation therapy

A client in acute renal failure has been prescribed 2 units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs). The nurse explains to the client that the blood transfusion is most likely needed for which reason?

Lack of erythropoietin

What does the nurse recognize as secondary sites of hematopoiesis that is unique to embryonic development?

Liver Spleen

Which term refers to a form of white blood cell involved in immune response?

Lymphocyte

A client involved in a motor vehicle accident arrives at the emergency department unconscious and severely hypotensive. The nurse suspects the client has several fractures in the pelvis and legs. Which parenteral fluid is the best choice for the client's current condition?

Packed red blood cells (RBCs)

Place the clotting cascade in the correct order.

Prothrombin activator Prothrombin Thrombin Fibrinogen Fibrin

The nurse is working at a blood donation clinic. What teaching should the nurse provide to the donor immediately after blood donation?

Remain for observation after eating and drinking.

A nurse cares for several mothers and babies in the postpartum unit. Which mother does the nurse recognize as being most at risk for a febrile nonhemolytic reaction?

Rh-negative mother; Rh-positive child

Place the following steps in order when determining the type and severity of a transfusion reaction.

Stop the transfusion. Assess the client. Notify the health care provider. Notify the blood bank. Send the tubing and container to the blood bank.

A nurse, caring for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), reviews the client's differential WBC count. What type of WBC will the nurse check the level of?

T lymphocytes

The nurse is caring for a client with hypoxia. What does the nurse understand is true regarding the client's oxygen level and the production of red blood cells?

The kidneys sense low oxygen levels in the blood and produce erythropoietin, stimulating the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells.

The physician orders a transfusion with packed red blood cells (RBCs) for a client hospitalized with severe iron deficiency anemia. When blood is administered, what is the most important action the nurse can take to prevent a transfusion reaction?

Verify the client's identity according to hospital policy

A nurse is reviewing a client's morning laboratory results and notes a left shift in the band cells. Based on this result, the nurse can interpret that the client

may be developing an infection.

Which client is not a candidate to be a blood donor according to the American Red Cross?

26-year-old female with hemoglobin 11.0 g/dL

A nurse is reviewing a client's most recent platelet count and identifies the need to institute bleeding precautions. Which result would the nurse most likely have noted?

45,000/mm3

A nurse working in hematology reviews the characteristics of stem cells and their role in disease. Which statements does the nurse understand is true regarding stem cells?

There is a continuous supply throughout the life cycle. Lymphoid stem cells produce lymphocytes. Myeloid stem cells produce erythrocytes. They have the ability to self-replicate.

A client with chronic kidney disease has chronic anemia. What pharmacologic alternative to blood transfusion may be used for this client?

Erythropoietin

A nurse cares for a client with megaloblastic anemia who had a total gastrectomy three years ago. What statement will the nurse include in the client's teaching regarding the condition?

"The condition is likely caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency."

A client with a history of congestive heart failure has an order to receive 1 unit of packed red blood cells (RBCs). If the nurse hangs the blood at 12:00 pm, by what time must the infusion be completed?

4:00 pm

A nurse is preparing a dose of furosemide for an older adult with heart failure. The health care provider orders furosemide 1 mg/kg to be given intravenously. The client weighs 50 kg. The concentration of the drug is 40 mg/4mL (10 mg/mL). How many milliliters would the nurse administer? Record your answer using a whole number.

5

A nurse is assigned to care for a patient with ascites, secondary to cirrhosis. The nurse understands that the fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity results from a combination of factors including an alteration in oncotic pressure gradients and increased capillary permeability. Therefore, the nurse monitors the serum level of the plasma protein responsible for maintaining oncotic pressure, which is:

Albumin.

The nurse reviewing laboratory results of a client recovering from abdominal surgery notices an elevated number of reticulocytes. What is the nurse's first action?

Perform an abdominal assessment.

A nurse is caring for a patient who has had a bone marrow aspiration with biopsy. What complication should the nurse be aware of and monitor the patient for?

Hemorrhage

A client is scheduled for surgery to remove an abdominal mass. The nurse knows that which reason hemodilution would be contraindicated as a method to provide blood to the client during the surgery?

History of renal disease

Under normal conditions, the adult bone marrow produces approximately 70 billion neutrophils. What is the major function of neutrophils?

Phagocytosis

A nurse cares for a client with myelodysplastic syndrome who requires frequent PRBC transfusions. What blood component does the nurse recognize as being most harmful if accumulated in the tissues due to chronic blood transfusions?

Iron

The client's CBC with differential reveals small-shaped hemoglobin molecules. The nurse expects to administer which medication to this client?

Iron

Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for cellular immunity?

T lymphocyte

A 18-year-old client presents to the emergency department with a severe open fracture of the lower extremity. The health care provider tells the client that the client will need a blood transfusion. The client refuses, despite the advise of the health care provider. What does the nurse understand is the legal implication of the scenario?

The client has a right to refuse the transfusion.

Place the order of the steps of primary hemostasis in correct order.

The severed blood vessel constricts. The circulating platelets aggregate at the site and adhere to the vessel. An unstable hemostatic plug is formed. Circulating inactive clotting factors convert to active forms.