chapter 29
what are the magnitude brightness ?
1 is the bright but the 2nd is the brightest
What percent of the stars and hydrogen ?
73% of stars mass is hydrogen and 25% is helium
Nebula
A large cloud of dust and gas in space
what is the difference between Apparent and Absolute magnitude ?
Apparent magnitude is based on how bright a star appears to be, but the Absolute magnitude is how bright a star is but from a distance
Prominence
Arc of gas ejected from the chromosphere, or gas that condenses in the Sun's inner corona and rains back to the surface, that can reach temperatures over 50 000 K and is associated with sunspots.
what is the difference between Blackhole and Neutron star ?
Black hole is small emmet of a star that nothing can escape it, but a neutron star is dense core of a star that form when the outer layer is falling inward
what is the difference between fission and fusion ?
Fission is when heavy nuclei split into smaller i and lighter nuclei but Fusion is combo of light and heavy weight nuclei as hydrogen fusion into helium
what is the comparison between a supernova, neutron star, and a pulsar ?
It runs hot at the center because the sun produce heat at its core his runs counter to what one would initially expect
why is it hotter at the center of the sun than on the surface ?
It runs hot at the center because the sun produce heat at its core his runs counter to what one would initially expect
How can stars be classified ?
O, B, A, F, G, K, M
Black hole
Small, extremely dense remnant of a star whose gravity is so immense that not even light can escape its gravity field.
which is true about the spectral classification system of stars ?
a G star is cooler than a B star and hotter than a K star
Main sequence
a diagonal area on an H-R diagram that includes more than 90 percent of all stars
which is the proper time order for stars like the sun ?
a main sequence star, red giant, white dwarf, planetary nebula
what is white dwarfs ?
a small hot object about the size of earth
Supernova
an explosive that blows away the outer portion of a star
Fusion
combining of lightweight nuclei such as hydrogen into heavier nuclei
which two key stellar properties determine all the other stellar properties ?
composition and mass
starting at the center, what is the correct order of solar layers ?
core, radiation zone, convection currents,
why we say the solar cycle lasts approximately 22 years and not 11 ?
every 11 years it reached a sunspot maximum and 11 more years to a sunspot minimum
where does fusion occur ?
fusion occur in the core
Constellation
group of stars that forms a pattern in the sky that resembles an animal mythological character or everyday object
Protostar
hot, condensed object at the center of a nebula that will become a new star when nuclear fusion reactions begin
what is a red super giant ?
larger side
Supernova
massive explosion that occurs when the outer layers of a star are blown off
what does a life time star depends on
size
what does it mean when hydro is gone ?
stars off the main are beginning to run out of hydro
identify the light and dark areas of the sun's surface in the photo ?
sunspots
How is the sun magnetic behavior associated with its activity cycle ?
the activity cycle is coordinate with the peak number of spots
Parallax
the apparent shift in position of an object that results from the motion of the observer
Corona
the outermost layer of the sun; atmosphere having a temp of 1 million K
Solar wind
the outward flow of charged particles from the sun's corona flowing throughout the solar systems
Luminosity
the power of energy output from from the surface of a star in units per second
what is plasma ?
the sun interior that is composed of gaseous
what is the largest object and what is it mass ?
the sun is the largest object it contains 99% of all mass
why is the sun composition similar to that of gas giants planets ?
they all formed from the same interstellar cloud
Which is not true about binary stars ?
they are always equal of brightness
why do sunspots appear dark ?
they are cooler than their surroundings
Binary stars
two stars that are gradually bound and orbit a common center of mass
Sunspots
where the surface is cooler on the photosphere of the sun
