Chapter 3-15 MCQ

Specific Heat is the: A. amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of material by one degree Celsius B. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the object (any mass) by one degree Celsius C. amount of heat required to add one joule of energy to mass

A. amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of material by one degree Celsius

If you approach a light beacon while traveling at one-half the speed of light (0.5 c), you will measure the speed of light from the beacon to be A. c B. 1.5c C. 0.5c D 0.7c

A. c

The pressure that a gas exerts on the walls of its container is a direct result of the A. Collisions of the gas molecules with the walls B. combined mass of the gas molecules C. combined volumes of the gas molecules D. repulsive forces between gas molecules

A. collisions of the gas molecules with the walls

Alchemists tried many chemical combinations to try to make which element? A. gold B. oxygen C. silver D. diamond

A. gold

Consider a mixture of helium and neon gases. The atomic masses of helium and neon are 4 amu and 20 amu, respectively. The average speed of a helium atom is A. greater than the average speed of neon atom B. less than the average speed of a neon atom constant C. Equal to the average speed of a neon atom

A. greater than the average speed of a neon atom

The second postulate of special relativity states that the speed of light A. is a constant in a vacuum B. is constant relative to the ether C. depends on the motion of the receiver D. depends on the motion of the source

A. is a constant vacuum

If you hold the temperature of an ideal gas constant, what happens to its volume if you double its pressure? The volume... A. is cut in half B. is cut into one-fourth C. doubles D. quadruples

A. is cut in half

Why does the coldest part of winter occur during late January and February when the shortest day of the year is near December 21? A. it takes the release of a lot of thermal energy for the ground to cool off B. because that's when the Southern Hemisphere has summer C. the sun is farthest from Earth in February D. the specific heat of the ground is a lot higher than that of water

A. it takes the release of a lot of thermal energy for the ground to cool off

Which of the following selection will make the statement true: The average ____ of an ideal gas is proportional to the ____ temperature. A. kinetic energy...kelvin B. speed...Celsius C. speed...kelvin D. kinetic energy...Celsius

A. kinetic energy...kelvin

An incompressible fluid (such as water) is being pumped through a pipe that has a narrow region. The pressure in the narrow region is ____ that in the wider regions of the pipe. A. less than B. greater than C. the same as

A. less than

If you weigh a block of metal under water, its weight will be ____ its weight in air. A. less than B. the same as C. larger than

A. less than

Water and sugar form a A. mixture B. element C. compound D. molecule

A. mixture

In a fast flowing river in mountainous areas, at some location as the water flows through two boulders, the speed of the water increases. Does the pressure of water also increase at that location? A. no b. yes

A. no

The chemical formula: H2SO4 stands for sulfuric acid. Each molecule of sulfuric acid has: A. seven atoms B. one atom C. fourteen atoms D. two atoms

A. seven atoms

Latent heat is A. the amount of heat required to change of the phase of unit mass of an object B. heat that is lost or gained when the phase changes C. the amount of heat required to change the temperature of unit mass of an object by one degree Celsius

A. the amount of heat required to change the phase of unit mass of an object

What was the purpose in postulating the existence of the ether? A. to provide the medium through which light traveled B. to account fro the time difference measured in the Michelson-Morley eperiments C. it determined which reference system was the absolute one. D. To account for the slowing of Earth in its annual journey around the sun

A. to provide the medium through which light traveled

A British Thermal Unit (BTU) is a bigger unit than the calorie (i.e. there are many calories in one BTU) A. true B. false

A. true

A hotter black colored object radiates more than a colder black colored object A. true B. false

A. true

In olden days, they thought heat was a massless fluid flowed from hot to cold objects A. true B. false

A. true

Which type of bench would feel the least cold on a cold winter day? A. wood B. marble C. aluminum D. iron

A. wood

Which of the following temperatures is not attainable (period). A. -400 F B. -10 K C. -200 C

B. -10 k

Assume that you have two cylinders of equal volume, one filled with hydrogen gas and the other with oxygen gas, at the same temperature and pressure. The mass of the Oxygen gas will be ... times the mass of the hydrogen gas. A. 8 B. 16 C. 4 D. 2

B. 16

The speed of light is represented by the symbol c and has a value equal to A. 300 km/s B. 300,000 km/s C. 300 km/h D. 300,000 km/h

B. 300,000 km/s

When a pitcher throws a "curve ball", it swerves to one side while in flight. This shows that there is a sideways force acting on it. This force can be explained by: A. Newton's law B. Bernoulli Principle C. Archimedes Principle D. Torricelli Principle

B. Bernoulli Principle

A fluid that has higher viscosity, will have higher rates of convection heat transfer. A. true B. false

B. False

In the Michelson-Morley experiments two light beams are raced at right angles to each other. What were the results? A. the beam traveling along the direction of Earth's motion always lost B. The races always ended in ties C. The result depended on the season of the year D. The beam traveling along the direction of Earth's motion always won

B. The races always ended in ties

According to the third law of thermodynamics: A. energy is conserved in all processes B. we can never reach the absolute zero of temperature C. all motion ceases at absolute zero D. heat cannot be completely converted to mechanical energy

B. We can never reach the absolute zero of temperature

On the average a muon at rest lives for 2.2 microseconds before it decays into an electron and two neutrinos. If the muons are traveling at 90% of the speed of light, they will have ____ average life. A. the same B. a longer C. a shorter

B. a longer

A "barometer" is a device that is used to measure: A. air volume B. air temperature C. air density D. air pressure

B. air temperature

On earth, an object floats in a fluid whenever its A. weight is less than the weight of an equal volume of the fluid B. all the above C. mass is less than the mass if an equal volume of the fluid D. density is less than the density of the fluid

B. all the above

We presently believe Einstein's theory of general relativity is a correct view of nature because the predictions A. can be calculated from the conservation laws B. are in agreement with experiment C. seem to make good common sense D. Can be calculated from Newton's laws

B. are in agreement with experiment

What is the force that binds atoms together in a molecule? A. nuclear B. electric C. magnetic D. gravitational

B. electric

A hotter object must necessarily have more internal energy A. true B. false

B. false

A shining silvery object radiates more than a dull black surface at the same temperature A. true B. false

B. false

Which of the following has the largest viscosity? A. air B. honey C. gasoline D. water

B. honey

An artery can become partially blocked due to the formation of plaques. When a red blood cell passes through the narrowed section of such an artery, it experiences A. a drop in pressure B. no change in pressure C. an increase in pressure

B. no change in pressure

A uniform bar of aluminum is broken into pieces A and B of unequal sizes as shown. Rank the three from greatest to smallest according to heat capacity A. A>B> original bar B. original bar> B> A C. A=B= original bar D. original bar> A> B

B. original bar> B> A

Atoms are considered the building blocks of matter. By which of the following means can atoms be broken down? A. Neither physical not chemical means B. physical means C. chemical means D. both chemical physical

B. physical means

An aneurysm is a widening of an artery. this is dangerous because A. the artery is likely to collapse B. the artery is likely to rupture

B. the artery is likely to rupture

Why does a coin made of a few grams of iron sink in water, but a boat made of many tons of iron floats on water? A. the density of iron changes when we make it into a boat B. the average density of the boat as a whole is less than that of water C. it is an illusion D. there is wood also in the boat

B. the average density of the boat as a whole is less than that of water

Gold and silver have densities of 19.3 g/cm^3 and 10.5 g/cm^3, respectively. If you have one gold ring and one silver ring of identical shape and size, how will their masses compare: A. their masses are the same B. the gold ring has greater mass C. the silver ring has greater mass D. the silver ring has greater mass

B. the gold ring has greater mass

If you have two cubes of the same dimensions, one made of aluminum and the other made of copper, which one will be heavier? A. the one made of aluminum B. the one made of copper C. both will have same weight

B. the one made of copper

In which direction in a fluid at rest is the pressure the greatest at a given depth? A. upward B. the pressure is the same in all directions C. horizontal D. downward

B. the pressure is the same in all directions

In terms of causing burns to our skin, why is steam at 100 degrees C more dangerous than water at 100 degrees C? A. the seam has less viscosity B. the steam has more internal energy per gram C. the steam is hotter D. the steam has a higher specific heat

B. the steam has more internal energy per gram

Solids maintain their shape and volume. Liquids maintain: A. their shape, but no volume B. their volume, but not their shape C. their volume and shape D. neither their shape nor volume

B. their volume, but not their shape

Which has the larger density, a gold brick or gold coin? A. gold coin B. they have the same density C. gold brick

B. they have the same density

Archimedes' principle tell us that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the A. mass of the displaced fluid B. weight of the displaced fluid C. mass of the object D. weight of the object

B. weight of the displaced fluid

Given that the sulfur atom has a mass of 32 amu, how many sulfur atoms are in 1 g of sulfur? A. 1.93 x 10^25 B. 6.02 x 10^22 C. 1.88 X 10^22 D. 6.02 x 10^23

C. 1.88 x 10^22

The diameter of an atom is typically ... times the diameter of the nucleus of that atom. A. 100 B. 1,000 C. 100,000 D. 10,000

C. 100,000

What Kelvin temperature corresponds to room temperature of 20° C? A. 273 K B. 253 K C. 293 K D. 20 K

C. 293 K

According to the special theory of relativity, all laws of nature are the same in reference systems which ____ relative to an inertial system. A. Have a constant acceleration B. moves in a circle at a constant speed C. Moves at a constant velocity D. Move in ellipses

C. Moves at a constant velocity

Avogadro suggested that each liter of gas under identical conditions has the same A. Number of atoms B. Mass C. Number of molecules D. Density

C. Number of molecules

A train is traveling along a straight, horizontal track at a constant speed that is only slightly less than that of light. An observer in the train determines that meter sticks on the ground are ____ meter sticks in the train. A. the same length as B. longer than C. Shorter than

C. Shorter than

The first postulate of special relativity A. says that there is no absolute space B. is a reaffirmation of the Galilean principle of relatively C. all the statements are true D. states that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference systems

C. all the statements are true

In a compound, atoms of different elements are bound together to form molecules, through... A. gravitational attraction B. physical bonds C. chemical bonds

C. chemical bonds

Tube A and Tube B both contain water. The height of water is the same in both tubes. The pressure at the base of A is: A. less than the pressure at the base of B B. greater than the pressure at the base of B C. equal to the pressure at the base of B

C. equal to the pressure at the base of B

A hot block of iron is dropped into room-temperature water in a thermally insulated container, where it reaches thermal equilibrium. If twice as much water had been used in the container, the water's temperature rise would be A. equal to what it was before B. greater than what it was before C. less than what it was before

C. less than what it was before

The twin paradox involves the situation in which one twin remains on Earth while the other makes a trip to a distant location at a speed approaching the speed of light. When the twins are reunited on Earth, we discover that the twin who ____ is younger than the other. A. remained on Earth B. we cannot say until we know the details of the trip C. made the trip D. Actually, they are the same age

C. made the trip

The Greek "atomists" believed in atoms A. because they believed the alchemists B. because of diffusion experiments C. On philosophical arguments D. because of experiments with combining gases

C. on philosophical arguments

A uniform board is cut into pieces A and B of unequal size as shown... The densities of the pieces compare as follow: A. original board>B>A B. A>B>original board C. original board=A=B

C. original board=A=B

Which of the four states of matter occurs at the highest temperature? A. solid B. gas C. plasma D. liquid

C. plasma

A block of plastic has mass of 50 grams and a volume of 40 cm^3. Will the block sink of float in water? A. float with its top at the surface B. sink to 80% of the depth of the water C. sink to the bottom D. float with 20% of the block above the surface

C. sink to the bottom

The strength of the inter-molecular forces holding the molecules of a material together are ranked in order of strength from strongest to weakest in: A. liquids-solids-gases B. gasses-liquids-solids C. solids-liquids-gasses D. liquids-gasses-solids E. solids-gasses-liquids

C. solids-liquids-gasses

Gold and silver have densities of 19.3 g/cm^3 and 10.5 g/cm^3, respectively. If you have equal masses of each, A. the volumes are the same B. the gold has greater volume C. the silver has a greater volume

C. the silver has a greater volume

What is the characteristic that distinguishes the crystals? A. they have low melting points B. they are solids C. they have repeating geometrical structures D. they are bonded together by the electric forces between atoms

C. they have repeating geometrical structures

How does the number of molecules in 1 liter of oxygen compare with the number of molecules in 1 liter of carbon dioxide if they are both at the same temperature and pressure? A. carbon dioxide has more molecules B. Oxygen has more molecules C. They have the same number of molecules

C. they have the same number of molecules

What Fahrenheit temperature corresponds most closely to 45° C? A. 99 degrees F B. 49 degrees F C. 57 degrees F D. 113 degrees F

D. 113 degrees F

What Celsius temperature corresponds most closely to 77° F? A. 81 degrees Celsius B. 60 degrees Celsius C. 43 degrees Celsius D. 25 degrees Celsius

D. 25 degrees Celsius

Whether solids sink or float can be explained by: A. Newton's law B. Bernoulli Principle C. Energy Conservation D. Archimedes Principles

D. Archimedes Principle

What is the force that binds atoms/molecules together in a solid? A. strong nuclear B. gravitational C. weak nuclear D. electric

D. electric

Pressure is the: A. mass per unit volume B. mass per unit area C. force per unit volume D. force per unit area

D. force per unit area

Which two elements combine to form table salt? A. hydrogen and chlorine B. hydrogen and oxygen C. sodium and oxygen D. sodium and chlorine

D. sodium and chlorine

What is "density" A. it is the mass per unit volume of a material B. it is the volume per unit mass C. it is the mass of one mole of material D. it is the weight per unit mass of a material

A. it is the mass per unit volume of a material

Metals are generally good conductors of heat A. true B. false

A. true

The chemical formula of ammonia is NH3, of Hydrogen it is H2, and Nitrogen is N2. If three molecules of Hydrogen combine with one molecule of Nitrogen, how many molecules of ammonia are formed? A. two B. one C. eight D. four

A. two

Which of the following is a compound? A. water B. hydrogen C. oxygen D. carbon

A. water

Many scientists are worried about the adverse effects of global warming brought on by the greenhouse effect. What causes the greenhouse effect? A. water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere block infrared radiation B. the increased use of greenhouse to grow crops out of season C. green colored surfaces absorb more radiation than other colors D. building houses has adverse effects on the green revolution

A. water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere block infrared radiation

What is the atomic mass of H2SO4, in terms of atomic mass units. A. 64 B. 1 C. 98 D. 7

C. 98

Suppose a meter stick zips by you at a speed only slightly less than the speed of light. If you measure the length of the meter stick as it goes by, you would determine that it is ____ one meter long. A. longer than B. Still C. Shorter than

C. Shorter than

The principle of equivalence in the general theory of relativity states that A. space is warped B. the laws of physics are the same in all inertial systems C. acceleration and gravitation are equivalent D. all clocks are equivalent

C. acceleration and gravitation are equivalent

Why don't lakes freeze to their whole depth in cold winters? A. latent heat is not available B. ice is lighter than water on floats on top C. convection is stopped due to density of water being highest at 4 C

C. convection is stopped due to density of water being highest at 4 C

Is a sauna at a temperature of 202° F hotter or colder than one at 90° C? A. They have the same temperature B. colder C. Hotter

C. hotter

When the temperature of a gas increases, the average speed of the molecules: A. decrease B. stays same C. increases

C. increases

If you put a few small water drops in a flat surface, the water's surface looks spherical over the upper part. What causes the liquid to not flow, but maintain this shape. (This picture was taken over a blue surface, hence the blue color of water drops) A. density B. capillarity C. surface tension D. Viscosity

C. surface tension

The state of matter called "plasma", exists usually at: A. All temperatures B. very low temperatures C. very high temperatures

C. very high temperatures

Two rocket ships approach a space station at 80% of the speed of light. Each pilot observes the other ship approaching at ____ the speed of light. A. 80% B. 160% C. 64% D. 98%

D. 98%

What are amorphous substances? A. those that have density greater than that of water B. those whose density is less than that of water C. those which have a crystal structure D. those which did not have a crystal structure

D. those which did not have a crystal structure

Which of the following are the two postulates of the "Special Theory of Relativity"? (select two answers): 1. Laws of mechanics are the same in all inertial systems 2. Gravity and acceleration are equivalent 3. Laws of Motion are the same in all inertial systems. 4. Light travels in something called "ether". 5. Laws of physics are the same in all inertial systems 6. Speed of light is constant in a vacuum for all observers

5. Law of physics are the same in all inertial systems 6. speed of light is constant in a vacuum for all observers.

Given that the carbon atom has a mass of 12 amu, how many carbon atoms are there in a diamond with a mass of 1 g? A. 5.02 x 10^22 B. 1.00 x 10^23 C. 6.02 x 10^23 D. 6.02 x 10^22

A. 5.02 x 10^22

A uniform bar of aluminum is broken pieces A and B of unequal size as shown. Rank the three from greatest to smallest according to specific heat: A. A=B=original bar B. original bar> A > B C. A>B> original bar D. original bar> B > A

A. A=B=original bar

What is the "equivalence Principle" of the General Theroy of Relativity? A. Constant acceleration and a uniform gravitational field are completely equivalent B. Laws of motion are the same in all inertial frames C. If A=b, and B=C, then A=C D. Laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames

A. Constant acceleration and a uniform gravitational field are completely equivalent.

If the volume of an ideal gas is held constant, what happens to the temperature (in Kelvins) if the pressure is doubled? The temperature ... A. doubles B. is cut in half C. quadruples D. is cut to one-fourth

A. Doubles

Assume that you have two cylinders of equal volume, one filled with hydrogen gas and the other with oxygen gas, at the same temperature and pressure. If each molecule of oxygen and hydrogen contains two atoms, how do the numbers of oxygen and hydrogen atoms in the two cylinders compare? A. They are the same B. The hydrogen has more C. The oxygen has more

A. They are the same

As we go deeper into the water (e.g. in a lake or ocean), the pressure increases. This is due to: A. getting further from the sunlight B. it gets darker as we go deeper C. we are getting closer to the center of the earth, so gravity increases, increasing the pressure D. none of the above E. the added weight of water above us.

E. all added weight of water above us

If two events are seen as being simultaneous by one observer, they must also be observed as being simultaneous by every other observer. True or False

False

Chapter 13

Thermal energy