Chapter 3

Which of the following is an example of unconscious inference?

Perceiving that a partially covered automobile continues beneath the cover

Which of the following is a basic principle of Gestalt psychology?

The whole is different from the sum of its parts.

If a word is identified more easily when it is in a sentence than when it is presented alone, this would be an example of _____ processing.

Top-down

You look at a rope coiled on a beach and are able to perceive it as a single strand because of the law of

good continuation.

What differentiates bottom-up processing from top-down processing

the source of information

Which of the following is NOT considered a starting point for perception?

thinking

According to your textbook, perception goes beyond the simple receipt of sensory information. It is involved in many different cognitive skills. Which of the following is NOT one of those skills as noted by the chapter?

Experiencing neuromodulation

What is a scene schema?

Knowledge of what a scene typically contains

In the text's use of the Olympic Rings example, which Gestalt law contributes to the correct perception of five interlocking circles rather than nine separate segments?

Simplicity

How does the phenomenon of apparent movement work?

The perceptual system creates the perception of movement from stationary images.

Which of the following is true about Bayesian inference?

The probability of an outcome is determined by the prior probability and the likelihood of the outcome.

Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples?

When someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception

The sequence of steps that includes the image on the retina, changing the image into electrical signals, and neural processing is an example of _____ processing

bottom-up

Perception is NOT essential for

improving empathy

Viewpoint ________ is the ability to recognize the same object even if it is seen from different perspectives.

invariance

The term semantics, when applied to perception, means the

meaning of a scene, often related to what is happening within the scene

The notion that every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible is called the law of

pragnanz.

You are at a parade where there are a number of marching bands. You perceive the bands that are all in the same uniforms as being grouped together. The red uniforms are one band, the green uniforms another, and so forth. You have this perceptual experience because of the law of

similarity.

When Carlos moved to the United States, he did not understand any English. Phrases like "Anna Mary Can Pi and I Scream Class Hick" didn't make any sense to him. Now that Carlos has been learning English, he recognizes this phrase as "An American Pie and Ice Cream Classic." This example illustrates that Carlos was not capable of ____ in English.

speech segmentation

The perception pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway.

what; where