Chapter 3. Cell Structure and Function
Cells in which two domains lack a membrane-bound nucleus? - Archaea - Eubacteria - Eukarya
Archaea, Eubacteria
Prokaryotic cells are found in which of the following domains? - Bacteria - Archaea - Eukarya
Bacteria, Archaea
A cell that has numerous mitochondria is most likely a cell that needs a large amount of
energy
The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus is called the nuclear
envelope
Tay-Sachs is often referred to as a lysosomal storage disorder because it prevents the function of lysosomal
enzymes
Lysosomes and peroxisomes are structurally similar, but differ according to the enzymes that they contain - true - false
false
Cytoskeletal filaments that are larger than actin filaments but smaller than microtubules are called ______________________ filaments
intermediate
The smooth ER synthesizes primarily ___________ molecules while the rough ER is involved with the production of _____________ molecules
lipid, protein
A vesicle that contains hydrolytic digestive enzymes is called a
lysosome
A darkly staining region that may appear in the nucleus of a call is called a(n)
nucleolus
Which of these organelles contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell? - nucleus - plasmid - nucleolus - nucleoplasm - nucleoid
nucleus
Select the following which relate to the role of microtubules in a eukaryotic cell (Mark all that apply) - cell contraction - organelle movement - cell shape - cilia and flagella
organelle movement, cell shape, cilia and flagella
The nucleoplasm has a different composition than the cytoplasm as indicated by differences in
pH
Bacterial cell walls contain which complex molecule composed of carbohydrate chains connected by peptides? - chitin - phospholipid - cellulose - peptidoglycan
peptidoglycan
Liver and kidney cells filter and destroy many toxins. As a result they contain high numbers of which type of organelle? - lysosomes - peroxisomes
peroxisomes
The action known as _________________ involves the release of materials from the cell via vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane
secretion
Which of these has a greater surface-area-to-volume ratio? - sixty four 1 cm cubes - eight 2 cm cubes - one 4 cm cube
sixty four 1 cm cubes
Which cellular organelle organizes and separates the chromosomes during cell division? - cilia - spindle apparatus - plasma membrane - cytoskeleton - Golgi apparatus
spindel apparatus
The main function of a vacuole is - respiration - digestion - storage - reproduction - oxidation
storage
The main characteristic that distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell is a cell wall - true - false
false
Which of these are organisms are composed of eukaryotic cells? - bacteria - humans - oak trees - mushrooms - protists
humans, oak trees, mushrooms, protists
In a bacterial cell, the chromosome is located in a region called the
nucleoid
The semifluid medium within a cell is called the
cytoplasm
Identify the internal framework of the cell, consisting of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments
cytoskeleton
As cell size increases, surface area-to-volume ratio - increases - decreases - remains the same
decreases
Select all of these that are components of the cytoplasm - dissolved organic molecules - phosopholipids - DNA - salts - water
dissolved organic molecules, salts, water
The proposal that chloroplasts and mitochondria have bacterial ancestors is called the _____________________________________ theory
endosymbiotic
List, in order, the BEST sequence of organelles/structures which can be used to synthesize and secrete a particular protein from a cell - secretory vesicle - rough ER - Golgi apparatus - transport vesicle
- rough ER - transport vesicle - golgi apparatus - secretory vesicle
One millimeter (mm) is equal to how many micrometers (um)? - 1000 - 1/10 - 10 - 100
1000
Identify the molecule produced by cellular respiration that is used to fuel energy dependent cellular reactions
ATP
Which molecules is used to fuel all energy dependent cellular processes? - protein - cytoplasm - UV light - water - ATP
ATP
Which organelle may be referred to as the post office of the cell? - endoplasmic reticulum - lysosome - Golgi apparatus - nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following are components of the endomembrane system? (Mark all that apply) - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane - vesicles - endoplasmic reticulum - centriole
Golgi apparatus, vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum
Match the following scientists with their contribution to our understanding of cells? - Hooke - Leeuwenhoek - Schleiden - Schwann - Virchow _ coined the term "cell" _ stated that plants are composed of cells _ made microscopes _ stated that animals are composed of cells _ state that cells come from preexisting cells
Hooke: coined the term "cell" Leeuwenhoek: made microscopes Schleiden: stated that plants are composed of cells Schwann: stated that animals are composed of cells Virchow: stated that cells come from preexisting cells
Which of the following would be used to show the three dimensional features of a very small structure? - SEM - Compound light microscope - Dissecting microscope - TEM
SEM
Which protein forms microtubules in the cell? - Keratin - Myosin - Tubulin - Actin - ATP
Tubulin
Formerly called microfilaments, ______________ filaments are long, very thin flexible fibers that account for the formation of pseudopods (false feet) used by some cells in order to move in an amoeboid fashion
actin
Which two statements are part of the cell theory? - energy cannot be created nor destroyed - all infectious diseases are caused by specific organisms - all cells come from pre-existing cells - all organisms are made up of cells
all cells come from pre-existing cells, all organisms are made up of cells
Which of the following have undergone adaptation to the most extreme habitats on Earth? - Bacteria - Animals - Plants - Fungi - Archaeans
archaeans
Select all correct statements about bacterial chromosomes - bacterial chromosomes are surrounded by a protective membrane - bacteria typically have only one chromosome - some bacteria have a plasmid instead only one chromosome - bacterial chromosomes are composed of DNA, RNA, and proteins - bacterial chromosomes are located in the nucleoid region of the cell
bacteria typically have only one chromosome, bacterial chromosomes are located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Match the following extracellular structures of bacteria with the correct description - capsule - fimbriae - flagella _ long thin appendages used for locomotion _ short appendages used for attachment _ gelatinous sheath that surrounds and protects the cell
capsule: gelatinous sheath that surrounds and protects the cell fimbriae: short appendages used for attachment flagella: long thin appendages used for locomotion
What is the function of chlorophyll? - convert oxygen into water - convert oxygen into carbon dioxide - produce solar energy - capture solar energy - produce ATP
capture solar energy
Chloroplasts use solar energy to synthesize - carbon dioxide - water - ATP - carbohydrates - solar energy
carbohydrates
The basic unit of living organisms, which can carry out all of the necessary functions of life is the
cell
Which of the following are functions of the cytoskeleton? (Mark all that apply) - cellular structural support - intracellular transport - stores water and nutrients - aids in cell division
cellular structural support, intracellular transport, aids in cell division
Which of the following statements are true statements that support the endosymbiotic theory? (Mark all that apply) - The DNA in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria is identical in sequence and length - Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own ribosomes - Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to bacteria in size and shape - Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain linear strands of DNA - Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are bounded by a double membrane which may have been derived during endocytosis
chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own ribosomes, mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to bacteria in size and shape, both mitochondria and chloroplasts are bounded by a double membrane which may have been derived during endocytosis
The substance consisting of DNA and associated proteins in a eukaryotic cell's nucleus is called
chromosomes
A microscope that uses more than one lens to produce an image is called a - compound microscope - complex microscope - dynamic microscope - transmission microscope
compound microscope
Match the structures found in each cell type - membrane bound nucleus and organelles - peptidoglycan - plasma membrane _ archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes _ eukaryotes only _ bacteria only
membrane bound nucleus and organelles: eukaryotes only peptidoglycan: bacteria only plasma membrane: archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes
Which of the following are components of the cytoskeleton? (Mark all that apply) - myosin filaments - microtubules - actin filaments - secretory vesicles - intermediate filaments
microtubules, actin filaments, intermediate filaments
All cells, expect prokaryotes, complete cellular respiration in the
mitochondria
During the evolutionary development of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells, the nuclear envelope and membranous organelles may have developed from the ___________________ _____________________________
plasma membrane
One side of the Golgi apparatus is directed toward the endoplasmic reticulum, while the other faces the __________________ _________________________
plasma membrane
The main cellular structure that regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell is the - endoplasmic reticulum - plasma membrane - Golgi apparatus - cell wall
plasma membrane
Select the following organelles that are found in animal cells: - plasma membrane - cell walls - nucleoli - mitochondria - centrioles - chloroplasts
plasma membrane, nucleoli, mitochondria, centrioles
Many prokaryotic cells contain small rings of accessory DNA called
plasmids
Arrange the following in order from smallest to largest - atom - chloroplasts - virus - human egg - protein
- atom - protein - virus - chloroplast - human egg
The material that is common to the cell walls of plants and algae is called
cellulose
Which cellular organelle may function in the process of microtubule assembly and disassembly? - smooth ER - centriole - ribosome - Golgi apparatus - lysosome
centriole
From which part of a eukaryotic cell do microtubules radiate? - nucleus - mitochondrion - flagellum - centrosome
centrosome
The process of photosynthesis occurs within organelles called
chloroplasts
Which of the following are functions of intermediate filaments? (Mark all that apply) - formation of cell-to-cell junctions - formation of pseudopods for movement - support the nuclear envelope - support the plasma membrane
formation of cell-to-cell junctions, support the nuclear envelope, support the plasma membrane
Where are ribosomes typically located in a cell? (Mark all that apply) - free in the cytoplasm - attached to the endoplasmic reticulum - attached to the Golgi apparatus - inside the lysosome
free in the cytoplasm, attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
Functions of the lysosome include: (Mark all that apply) - protein synthesis - modification and routing of proteins made in the rough ER - intracellular digestion - storage of water - autodigestion
intracellular digestion, autodigestion
Which two eukaryotic organelles function to convert energy into a form that cells can use? - mitochondria - chloroplasts - peroxisomes - lysosomes - centrioles
mitochondria, chloroplasts
Which organelle is often referred to as the "power plant of the cell?" - nucleus - peroxisome - chloroplast - centrosome - mitochondrion
mitochondrion
Vesicles that function in the metabolism of fatty acids in a cell are called
peroxisomes
The formula, solar energy + carbon dioxide + water ----> carbohydrate + oxygen, represents which cellular reaction? - photosynthesis - replication - mitosis - cellular respiration - meiosis
photosynthesis
Select the following organelles or structures that are found in plant cells: - plasma membrane - vacuole - centriole - mitochondrion - chloroplast - cell wall
plasma membrane, vacuole, mitochondrion, chloroplast, cell wall
A group of ribosomes that are attached to a single mRNA are called a
polyribosome
The opening in the nuclear envelope through which particles may pass are called nuclear
pores
Bacterial ribosomes are generally a good target for antibiotic drugs, because - eukaryotic cells lack ribosomes - prokaryotic cells depend more on ribosomes function than eukaryotic cells do - prokaryotic ribosomes are structurally different from eukaryotic ribosomes
prokaryotic ribosomes are structurally different from eukaryotic ribosomes
Select all of the following that are components of the plasma membrane of prokaryotes - proteins - phospholipids - plasmids - cellulose - peptidoglycan
proteins, phospholipids
Which organelle is assembled in the nucleolus of the nucleus? - chloroplast - mitochondrion - chromosome - ribosome
ribosome
In a cell, proteins are made at structures called
ribosomes
The rough ER differs the smooth ER in that it is covered with: - microtubules - mitochondria - chromatin - ribosomes
ribosomes
Which of the following are true about cilia? (Mark all that apply) - they all beat together in a coordinated manner - they are typically limited to one or a few for any particular cell - their microtubular structure is very different from that of flagella - they are shorter than flagella
they all beat together in a coordinated manner, they are shorter than flagella
Which of these are internal cellular membranes that contain light-sensitive pigments needed for photosynthesis? - fimbriae - nucleoid - cristae - thylakoids
thylakoids
A sperm does not contribute mitochondrial genes when fertilizing an egg - true - false
true
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular DNA like chromosome found in a prokaryotic cell - true - false
true
Both plant and animal cells contain organelles - true - false
true
The Golgi apparatus produces both secretory vesicles and lysosomes - false - true
true
An organism that consists of a single cell is said to be - acellular - unicellular - multicellular
unicellular
A large membranous sac located in the cytoplasm of a cell - mitochondrion - vacuole - vesicle - thylakoid - ribosome
vacuole