Chapter 3. Cell Structure and Function

Cells in which two domains lack a membrane-bound nucleus? - Archaea - Eubacteria - Eukarya

Archaea, Eubacteria

Prokaryotic cells are found in which of the following domains? - Bacteria - Archaea - Eukarya

Bacteria, Archaea

A cell that has numerous mitochondria is most likely a cell that needs a large amount of

energy

The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus is called the nuclear

envelope

Tay-Sachs is often referred to as a lysosomal storage disorder because it prevents the function of lysosomal

enzymes

Lysosomes and peroxisomes are structurally similar, but differ according to the enzymes that they contain - true - false

false

Cytoskeletal filaments that are larger than actin filaments but smaller than microtubules are called ______________________ filaments

intermediate

The smooth ER synthesizes primarily ___________ molecules while the rough ER is involved with the production of _____________ molecules

lipid, protein

A vesicle that contains hydrolytic digestive enzymes is called a

lysosome

A darkly staining region that may appear in the nucleus of a call is called a(n)

nucleolus

Which of these organelles contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell? - nucleus - plasmid - nucleolus - nucleoplasm - nucleoid

nucleus

Select the following which relate to the role of microtubules in a eukaryotic cell (Mark all that apply) - cell contraction - organelle movement - cell shape - cilia and flagella

organelle movement, cell shape, cilia and flagella

The nucleoplasm has a different composition than the cytoplasm as indicated by differences in

pH

Bacterial cell walls contain which complex molecule composed of carbohydrate chains connected by peptides? - chitin - phospholipid - cellulose - peptidoglycan

peptidoglycan

Liver and kidney cells filter and destroy many toxins. As a result they contain high numbers of which type of organelle? - lysosomes - peroxisomes

peroxisomes

The action known as _________________ involves the release of materials from the cell via vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane

secretion

Which of these has a greater surface-area-to-volume ratio? - sixty four 1 cm cubes - eight 2 cm cubes - one 4 cm cube

sixty four 1 cm cubes

Which cellular organelle organizes and separates the chromosomes during cell division? - cilia - spindle apparatus - plasma membrane - cytoskeleton - Golgi apparatus

spindel apparatus

The main function of a vacuole is - respiration - digestion - storage - reproduction - oxidation

storage

The main characteristic that distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell is a cell wall - true - false

false

Which of these are organisms are composed of eukaryotic cells? - bacteria - humans - oak trees - mushrooms - protists

humans, oak trees, mushrooms, protists

In a bacterial cell, the chromosome is located in a region called the

nucleoid

The semifluid medium within a cell is called the

cytoplasm

Identify the internal framework of the cell, consisting of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments

cytoskeleton

As cell size increases, surface area-to-volume ratio - increases - decreases - remains the same

decreases

Select all of these that are components of the cytoplasm - dissolved organic molecules - phosopholipids - DNA - salts - water

dissolved organic molecules, salts, water

The proposal that chloroplasts and mitochondria have bacterial ancestors is called the _____________________________________ theory

endosymbiotic

List, in order, the BEST sequence of organelles/structures which can be used to synthesize and secrete a particular protein from a cell - secretory vesicle - rough ER - Golgi apparatus - transport vesicle

- rough ER - transport vesicle - golgi apparatus - secretory vesicle

One millimeter (mm) is equal to how many micrometers (um)? - 1000 - 1/10 - 10 - 100

1000

Identify the molecule produced by cellular respiration that is used to fuel energy dependent cellular reactions

ATP

Which molecules is used to fuel all energy dependent cellular processes? - protein - cytoplasm - UV light - water - ATP

ATP

Which organelle may be referred to as the post office of the cell? - endoplasmic reticulum - lysosome - Golgi apparatus - nucleus

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following are components of the endomembrane system? (Mark all that apply) - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane - vesicles - endoplasmic reticulum - centriole

Golgi apparatus, vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum

Match the following scientists with their contribution to our understanding of cells? - Hooke - Leeuwenhoek - Schleiden - Schwann - Virchow _ coined the term "cell" _ stated that plants are composed of cells _ made microscopes _ stated that animals are composed of cells _ state that cells come from preexisting cells

Hooke: coined the term "cell" Leeuwenhoek: made microscopes Schleiden: stated that plants are composed of cells Schwann: stated that animals are composed of cells Virchow: stated that cells come from preexisting cells

Which of the following would be used to show the three dimensional features of a very small structure? - SEM - Compound light microscope - Dissecting microscope - TEM

SEM

Which protein forms microtubules in the cell? - Keratin - Myosin - Tubulin - Actin - ATP

Tubulin

Formerly called microfilaments, ______________ filaments are long, very thin flexible fibers that account for the formation of pseudopods (false feet) used by some cells in order to move in an amoeboid fashion

actin

Which two statements are part of the cell theory? - energy cannot be created nor destroyed - all infectious diseases are caused by specific organisms - all cells come from pre-existing cells - all organisms are made up of cells

all cells come from pre-existing cells, all organisms are made up of cells

Which of the following have undergone adaptation to the most extreme habitats on Earth? - Bacteria - Animals - Plants - Fungi - Archaeans

archaeans

Select all correct statements about bacterial chromosomes - bacterial chromosomes are surrounded by a protective membrane - bacteria typically have only one chromosome - some bacteria have a plasmid instead only one chromosome - bacterial chromosomes are composed of DNA, RNA, and proteins - bacterial chromosomes are located in the nucleoid region of the cell

bacteria typically have only one chromosome, bacterial chromosomes are located in the nucleoid region of the cell

Match the following extracellular structures of bacteria with the correct description - capsule - fimbriae - flagella _ long thin appendages used for locomotion _ short appendages used for attachment _ gelatinous sheath that surrounds and protects the cell

capsule: gelatinous sheath that surrounds and protects the cell fimbriae: short appendages used for attachment flagella: long thin appendages used for locomotion

What is the function of chlorophyll? - convert oxygen into water - convert oxygen into carbon dioxide - produce solar energy - capture solar energy - produce ATP

capture solar energy

Chloroplasts use solar energy to synthesize - carbon dioxide - water - ATP - carbohydrates - solar energy

carbohydrates

The basic unit of living organisms, which can carry out all of the necessary functions of life is the

cell

Which of the following are functions of the cytoskeleton? (Mark all that apply) - cellular structural support - intracellular transport - stores water and nutrients - aids in cell division

cellular structural support, intracellular transport, aids in cell division

Which of the following statements are true statements that support the endosymbiotic theory? (Mark all that apply) - The DNA in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria is identical in sequence and length - Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own ribosomes - Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to bacteria in size and shape - Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain linear strands of DNA - Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are bounded by a double membrane which may have been derived during endocytosis

chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own ribosomes, mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to bacteria in size and shape, both mitochondria and chloroplasts are bounded by a double membrane which may have been derived during endocytosis

The substance consisting of DNA and associated proteins in a eukaryotic cell's nucleus is called

chromosomes

A microscope that uses more than one lens to produce an image is called a - compound microscope - complex microscope - dynamic microscope - transmission microscope

compound microscope

Match the structures found in each cell type - membrane bound nucleus and organelles - peptidoglycan - plasma membrane _ archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes _ eukaryotes only _ bacteria only

membrane bound nucleus and organelles: eukaryotes only peptidoglycan: bacteria only plasma membrane: archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes

Which of the following are components of the cytoskeleton? (Mark all that apply) - myosin filaments - microtubules - actin filaments - secretory vesicles - intermediate filaments

microtubules, actin filaments, intermediate filaments

All cells, expect prokaryotes, complete cellular respiration in the

mitochondria

During the evolutionary development of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells, the nuclear envelope and membranous organelles may have developed from the ___________________ _____________________________

plasma membrane

One side of the Golgi apparatus is directed toward the endoplasmic reticulum, while the other faces the __________________ _________________________

plasma membrane

The main cellular structure that regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell is the - endoplasmic reticulum - plasma membrane - Golgi apparatus - cell wall

plasma membrane

Select the following organelles that are found in animal cells: - plasma membrane - cell walls - nucleoli - mitochondria - centrioles - chloroplasts

plasma membrane, nucleoli, mitochondria, centrioles

Many prokaryotic cells contain small rings of accessory DNA called

plasmids

Arrange the following in order from smallest to largest - atom - chloroplasts - virus - human egg - protein

- atom - protein - virus - chloroplast - human egg

The material that is common to the cell walls of plants and algae is called

cellulose

Which cellular organelle may function in the process of microtubule assembly and disassembly? - smooth ER - centriole - ribosome - Golgi apparatus - lysosome

centriole

From which part of a eukaryotic cell do microtubules radiate? - nucleus - mitochondrion - flagellum - centrosome

centrosome

The process of photosynthesis occurs within organelles called

chloroplasts

Which of the following are functions of intermediate filaments? (Mark all that apply) - formation of cell-to-cell junctions - formation of pseudopods for movement - support the nuclear envelope - support the plasma membrane

formation of cell-to-cell junctions, support the nuclear envelope, support the plasma membrane

Where are ribosomes typically located in a cell? (Mark all that apply) - free in the cytoplasm - attached to the endoplasmic reticulum - attached to the Golgi apparatus - inside the lysosome

free in the cytoplasm, attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Functions of the lysosome include: (Mark all that apply) - protein synthesis - modification and routing of proteins made in the rough ER - intracellular digestion - storage of water - autodigestion

intracellular digestion, autodigestion

Which two eukaryotic organelles function to convert energy into a form that cells can use? - mitochondria - chloroplasts - peroxisomes - lysosomes - centrioles

mitochondria, chloroplasts

Which organelle is often referred to as the "power plant of the cell?" - nucleus - peroxisome - chloroplast - centrosome - mitochondrion

mitochondrion

Vesicles that function in the metabolism of fatty acids in a cell are called

peroxisomes

The formula, solar energy + carbon dioxide + water ----> carbohydrate + oxygen, represents which cellular reaction? - photosynthesis - replication - mitosis - cellular respiration - meiosis

photosynthesis

Select the following organelles or structures that are found in plant cells: - plasma membrane - vacuole - centriole - mitochondrion - chloroplast - cell wall

plasma membrane, vacuole, mitochondrion, chloroplast, cell wall

A group of ribosomes that are attached to a single mRNA are called a

polyribosome

The opening in the nuclear envelope through which particles may pass are called nuclear

pores

Bacterial ribosomes are generally a good target for antibiotic drugs, because - eukaryotic cells lack ribosomes - prokaryotic cells depend more on ribosomes function than eukaryotic cells do - prokaryotic ribosomes are structurally different from eukaryotic ribosomes

prokaryotic ribosomes are structurally different from eukaryotic ribosomes

Select all of the following that are components of the plasma membrane of prokaryotes - proteins - phospholipids - plasmids - cellulose - peptidoglycan

proteins, phospholipids

Which organelle is assembled in the nucleolus of the nucleus? - chloroplast - mitochondrion - chromosome - ribosome

ribosome

In a cell, proteins are made at structures called

ribosomes

The rough ER differs the smooth ER in that it is covered with: - microtubules - mitochondria - chromatin - ribosomes

ribosomes

Which of the following are true about cilia? (Mark all that apply) - they all beat together in a coordinated manner - they are typically limited to one or a few for any particular cell - their microtubular structure is very different from that of flagella - they are shorter than flagella

they all beat together in a coordinated manner, they are shorter than flagella

Which of these are internal cellular membranes that contain light-sensitive pigments needed for photosynthesis? - fimbriae - nucleoid - cristae - thylakoids

thylakoids

A sperm does not contribute mitochondrial genes when fertilizing an egg - true - false

true

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular DNA like chromosome found in a prokaryotic cell - true - false

true

Both plant and animal cells contain organelles - true - false

true

The Golgi apparatus produces both secretory vesicles and lysosomes - false - true

true

An organism that consists of a single cell is said to be - acellular - unicellular - multicellular

unicellular

A large membranous sac located in the cytoplasm of a cell - mitochondrion - vacuole - vesicle - thylakoid - ribosome

vacuole